Question 1

Which of the following best describes a primary (congenital) immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

An immune deficiency that is present from birth due to genetic or developmental defects.

Question 2

A patient develops an immunodeficiency after receiving chemotherapy for cancer. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency

Question 3

Which virus is most commonly associated with the development of Kaposi sarcoma in late-stage infection?

Accepted Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 4

Which of the following best defines an autoimmune disorder?

Accepted Answer

A disorder in which the immune system attacks the body's own healthy cells and tissues.

Question 5

Which infectious agent is most likely associated with the development of rheumatic heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 6

According to the hygiene hypothesis, which of the following is a likely result of reduced exposure to microbes during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of developing allergies and autoimmune disorders

Question 7

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is NOT mediated by immunoglobulins (antibodies)?

Accepted Answer

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 8

During a Type I hypersensitivity reaction, which cells degranulate and what is the main proinflammatory molecule they release?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells and basophils; histamine

Question 9

A patient experiences a rapid, systemic allergic reaction after being stung by a bee, resulting in difficulty breathing and a drop in blood pressure. What is this condition called, and what is the standard treatment?

Accepted Answer

Systemic anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock); treated with epinephrine

Question 10

In a skin prick test for allergies, a wheal and flare lesion develops at the site of allergen exposure. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient has developed IgE antibodies specific to the tested allergen.

Question 11

Which two antibody types mediate Type II hypersensitivity reactions, and what type of antigens do they generally bind to?

Accepted Answer

IgG and IgM; cell-surface antigens

Question 12

A person with AB- blood type has which surface antigens on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A and B antigens only

Question 13

Hank has type A+ blood but is accidentally transfused with type B+ blood. What will happen to Hank's red blood cells and why?

Accepted Answer

Hank's immune system will attack the transfused B+ red blood cells, causing hemolysis due to anti-B antibodies in his plasma.

Question 14

Which blood group is considered the universal donor, and why?

Accepted Answer

O-; because it lacks A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 15

During the first pregnancy of an Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus, what typically occurs regarding hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

Accepted Answer

The mother may become sensitized to the Rh antigen, but HDN usually does not occur in the first pregnancy.

Question 16

What drug is administered to an Rh- mother during her first pregnancy with an Rh+ fetus to prevent sensitization to the Rh factor?

Accepted Answer

Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM)

Question 17

Type III hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by which antibody types, and what is the result of immune complex deposition?

Accepted Answer

IgG and IgM; inflammation and tissue damage due to immune complex deposition

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an example of an autoimmune disease caused by Type III hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Contact dermatitis

Question 19

Which cell type is the primary mediator of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between transplant rejection and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD)?

Accepted Answer

Transplant rejection is mediated by the recipient's immune system attacking the graft, while GVHD is mediated by donor immune cells attacking the recipient's tissues.

Immune System Disorders: Microbiology Study Guide Step-by-Step Guidance

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