Question 1

Which of the following is a feature of innate immunity but NOT adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for phagocytosis in the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Question 3

Upon secondary exposure to an antigen, the IgG titer is typically:

Accepted Answer

Much higher than in the primary response

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of complement activation in immunity?

Accepted Answer

It enhances phagocytosis and leads to lysis of pathogens

Question 5

Which process refers to the movement of leukocytes to the site of infection during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Margination

Question 6

A vaccine made from a killed microorganism to stimulate immunity is called:

Accepted Answer

Inactivated (killed) vaccine

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

It involves immunological memory and specificity for antigens

Question 8

Which immunoglobulin is the first to be produced during a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of acquired, passive, and natural immunity?

Accepted Answer

Maternal antibodies transferred to a newborn via breast milk

Question 10

Which type of immune response is directed toward intracellular antigens?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of immune cell migration

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides a rapid, non-specific response; adaptive immunity is slower but highly specific

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of T-helper cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Activating other immune cells by releasing cytokines

Question 14

Which serological test is based on the ability of antibodies to crosslink antigens?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination

Question 15

Which of the following is a major difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity targets extracellular pathogens, cell-mediated targets intracellular pathogens

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs FIRST during the process of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of antibody titer in a serological test?

Accepted Answer

$$Titer = \frac{1}{	ext{highest dilution that gives a positive result}}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct serological test?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination test for detecting antigens

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of acquired immunity?

Accepted Answer

It can be either active or passive

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of cytokines in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They act as chemical messengers to regulate immune cell activity

Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Key Concepts, Processes, and Clinical Applications

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