Question 1

Which of the following best differentiates innate immunity from adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate defense against infection, while adaptive immunity develops more slowly and is highly specific.

Question 2

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the immune system. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate immune cell responses.

Question 3

Which of the following is a physical factor involved in innate immunity, and which is a chemical factor? Select the correct pair.

Accepted Answer

Cilia in the respiratory tract (physical), acidic pH of stomach (chemical)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of normal microbiota in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and space, inhibiting pathogen colonization.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of granulocytes?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 6

A patient is exposed to a new pathogen. Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for the initial phagocytosis of the pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches a white blood cell type with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils – defense against parasitic infections

Question 8

Which process involves the movement of white blood cells out of the bloodstream and into tissues at the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 9

During phagocytosis, which step occurs immediately after the phagocyte engulfs the pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the phagolysosome

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the process of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation → Phagocyte migration → Tissue repair

Question 11

A patient with a bacterial infection develops redness, heat, swelling, and pain at the site of infection. Which process is primarily responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a major component of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Coating of pathogens with molecules that enhance phagocytosis

Question 15

A patient with a genetic deficiency in C3 complement protein would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired ability to form the membrane attack complex and increased susceptibility to infections

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme in saliva

Question 17

Which equation best represents the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in the complement system?

Accepted Answer

$$C5b + C6 + C7 + C8 + C9 \rightarrow MAC$$

Question 18

A child presents with recurrent skin infections and delayed wound healing. Laboratory tests reveal a defect in neutrophil chemotaxis. Which step of phagocytosis is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during an infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever inhibits the growth of some pathogens and enhances the activity of immune cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of events in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis → Attachment → Ingestion → Digestion

Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Phagocytosis, and the Complement System: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard