Question 1

Which of the following best explains why humans are resistant to most plant and animal pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the correct chemical receptors and have incompatible physiological conditions for most plant and animal pathogens.

Question 2

A patient suffers a third-degree burn over a large area of skin. Based on the study materials, what is the most significant risk associated with this injury?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of infection due to loss of the skin's protective barrier.

Question 3

Which chemical found in sweat helps inhibit the growth of pathogens on the skin?

Accepted Answer

Salt

Question 4

Why does lysozyme not damage human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells lack peptidoglycan and cell walls, which are the targets of lysozyme.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of normal microbiota in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and create an unfavorable environment for them.

Question 6

A scientist observes an increase in lymphocyte count in a patient's blood. Which type of infection is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of blood vessels to attack pathogens.

Question 8

Which plasma protein is responsible for binding and transporting iron, making it unavailable to microbes?

Accepted Answer

Transferrin

Question 9

A microbe secretes siderophores to acquire iron from its host. How does the host counteract this strategy?

Accepted Answer

By secreting lactoferrin to bind iron and prevent siderophore access.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a granulocyte?

Accepted Answer

Monocyte

Question 11

During phagocytosis, which step involves the extension of pseudopodia to surround the microbe?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis → Adherence → Ingestion → Maturation → Killing → Elimination

Question 13

Which of the following statements about Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

TLRs are integral membrane proteins that bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Question 14

Which type of interferon is produced early during viral infection and binds to neighboring cells to inhibit viral spread?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 (alpha and beta)

Question 15

Which pathway of complement activation involves antibodies binding to antigens?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 16

What is the main physiological effect of fever in response to infection?

Accepted Answer

It increases phagocytic activity and enhances immune responses.

Question 17

Which cell type is most likely to increase in number during a parasitic worm infection?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 18

Natural killer (NK) cells are able to kill infected or tumor cells by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Secreting toxins onto the surface of infected or tumor cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)?

Accepted Answer

NETs bind to and kill bacteria by trapping them in extracellular fibers.

Question 20

A patient presents with redness, heat, swelling, and pain at the site of a cut. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Week 10 lecture notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard