Question 1

Which of the following is a monomer used to build carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 2

Which reaction type is responsible for joining amino acids together to form a protein?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 3

A protein loses its function after being exposed to high heat. What process has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 4

Which of the following is unique to RNA compared to DNA?

Accepted Answer

It contains uracil (U)

Question 5

Which macromolecule is the primary energy source for most living things during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate, glycerol, and two fatty acids

Question 7

Which level of protein structure is the first to be fully functional?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 8

What is the main function of steroids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening cell membranes

Question 9

Which of the following best explains how viral RNA can both store hereditary information and be used for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Viral RNA acts as both the genetic material and as mRNA, which is translated by host ribosomes into proteins.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support

Question 11

Which of the following is a polymer of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 12

What type of bond forms between two amino acids during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of a protein produced by bacteria that affects human health?

Accepted Answer

Tetanus toxin

Question 14

Which process breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a steroid?

Accepted Answer

Four fused carbon rings

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of lipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes

Question 18

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used by microbes for energy storage?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the double helix structure of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

The two strands are antiparallel and held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why proteins must fold into their correct three-dimensional shape?

Accepted Answer

Folding determines the protein's function by positioning functional groups for interaction.

Macromolecules in Microbiology: Structure, Function, and Relevance

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