Q: In the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow?

$$ \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of semiconservative DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers needed to initiate DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 3

A mutation that results in the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, causing a shift in the reading frame, is called:

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is universal, with the same codons specifying the same amino acids in almost all organisms.

Question 5

In the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 7

A bacterium is exposed to a chemical that inhibits the function of topoisomerase. What is the most likely effect on DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The DNA will not be unwound properly, preventing replication fork progression.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an inducible operon?

Accepted Answer

A set of genes that are usually 'off' but can be turned 'on' by the presence of an inducer.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing the mRNA strand

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

The body cannot synthesize them from metabolic intermediates.

Question 11

A scientist is studying a bacterium that can use glucose-6-phosphate to synthesize glycogen. Which metabolic pathway is primarily involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Biosynthesis of polysaccharides

Question 12

Which of the following statements about Okazaki fragments is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an amphibiolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that functions in both anabolism and catabolism.

Question 14

During transcription in prokaryotes, which of the following events occurs when RNA polymerase reaches the terminator sequence on DNA?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA is released and transcription stops.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Adenine} - 	ext{Thymine} $$

Question 16

A mutation in a bacterial gene changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop codon). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes horizontal gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of genetic information between two members of the same generation

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the flow of genetic information in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria usually have a single circular chromosome.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

It is an integral part of the ribosome and is involved in protein synthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why DNA polymerase has high accuracy during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It has proofreading capability to remove incorrectly paired nucleotides.

Microbial Genetics and Metabolic Pathways: Structured Study Notes

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