Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between transcription and translation in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm; transcription produces mRNA from DNA, and translation produces proteins from mRNA.

Question 2

Which part of an operon acts as the binding site for RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Question 3

A repressible operon, such as the trp operon, is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

It is usually on and can be turned off when a co-repressor binds to the repressor protein.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of catabolite repression in the regulation of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

Catabolite repression prevents the lac operon from being transcribed when glucose is present, even if lactose is available.

Question 5

In the Ames test, what is the primary purpose of using an auxotrophic strain of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

To determine if a chemical can reverse a specific mutation, indicating mutagenicity.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 7

A plasmid that carries genes for antibiotic resistance and can be transferred by conjugation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A plasmid that is both an F factor and an R factor

Question 8

Which method of bacterial classification relies on the analysis of ribosomal RNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Molecular methods

Question 9

Which of the following genera is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium known for causing Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Borrelia

Question 10

Which of the following statements about fungi is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the term 'dimorphic' as it applies to Histoplasma capsulatum?

Accepted Answer

It can exist as both a yeast and a mold depending on environmental conditions.

Question 12

Which protozoan is transmitted by the tsetse fly and is responsible for African sleeping sickness?

Accepted Answer

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 13

Which of the following best defines a virus?

Accepted Answer

A non-cellular infectious agent that requires a host cell to replicate.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophage replication?

Accepted Answer

The lytic cycle results in immediate destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle integrates the phage DNA into the host genome.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why horizontal gene transfer contributes to the rise of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It enables the direct transfer of resistance genes between bacteria, even across species.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

PCR is used to amplify DNA sequences and can be used to identify bacteria based on genetic material.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct scientific name, following proper capitalization and formatting?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of generalized transduction?

Accepted Answer

A bacteriophage transfers random fragments of bacterial DNA from one cell to another during the lytic cycle.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the use of MALDI-TOF in bacterial identification?

Accepted Answer

It analyzes the protein profile of a microorganism to rapidly identify species.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of a vector in infectious disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

A vector is an organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another.

Microbial Genetics, Classification, and Diversity: Study Notes

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