Question 1

Which of the following best describes the proteome of an organism?

Accepted Answer

All the proteins encoded by an organism's genome

Question 2

In metagenomic sequencing, what is the primary goal?

Accepted Answer

To reveal the DNA sequences of all organisms present in a microbial community

Question 3

Which technique is most commonly used to detect post-translational modifications in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Mass spectrometry

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the complete set of metabolic intermediates produced by a bacterium. Which 'omics' approach should they use?

Accepted Answer

Metabolomics

Question 5

Which of the following statements about single-cell genomics is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows amplification and sequencing of DNA from individual cells

Question 6

Which enzyme is typically used in multiple displacement amplification (MDA) for single-cell genomics?

Accepted Answer

Highly sensitive viral DNA polymerase

Question 7

In molecular cloning, what is the role of a vector?

Accepted Answer

To carry and replicate the desired gene within a host organism

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin in bacteria for medical use

Question 9

The Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used in biotechnology primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Transferring DNA into plant cells

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the CRISPR/Cas9 system?

Accepted Answer

A naturally occurring genome editing system that uses guide RNA and Cas9 protein to make precise cuts in DNA

Question 11

A scientist wants to delete a specific gene from a bacterial genome using CRISPR. Which process will they use?

Accepted Answer

Create two cut sites flanking the gene and allow the cell's repair system to join the ends, removing the gene

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between genome size and gene number in bacteria, assuming minimal non-coding DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{genes} \approx \frac{Genome\ Size\ (bp)}{Average\ Gene\ Length\ (bp)}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and bacterial genomes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic genomes typically have a higher proportion of non-coding DNA

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a subunit vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A vaccine containing only a specific protein from a pathogen

Question 15

A scientist uses CRISPR/Cas9 to insert a new gene into a plant genome. What must be true about the inserted DNA?

Accepted Answer

It must have homology to the region flanking the cut site

Question 16

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Negative effects on cow health from recombinant bovine somatotropin

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of the sterile insect technique mentioned in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Controlling populations of disease-carrying insects by releasing sterile males

Question 18

Which omics approach would be most useful for detecting a cell's reaction to environmental stressors?

Accepted Answer

Metabolomics

Question 19

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the standard workflow for mass spectrometry-based proteomics?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of DNA by PCR

Question 20

A scientist is analyzing the interactome of a cell. What are they studying?

Accepted Answer

The complete set of interactions among the molecules within a cell

Chapter 12

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard