Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of allosteric regulation in enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A molecule binds to a site other than the active site, causing a conformational change that affects enzyme activity.

Question 2

During glycolysis in a prokaryotic cell, which of the following products is generated per molecule of glucose, and where does this process occur?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP (net), $$2$$ NADH, and $$2$$ pyruvate; cytoplasm

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a reduction reaction?

Accepted Answer

FAD + 2H$$^+ + 2e$^-$$ $$\rightarrow$$ FADH$$_2$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about binary fission in bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission includes DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and division of the cytoplasm.

Question 5

In eukaryotic cells, where does the citric acid cycle occur, and what are the main products per turn of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix; $$1$$ ATP (or GTP), $$3$$ NADH, $$1$$ FADH$$_2$$, $$2 CO$_2$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the role of fermentation in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows cells to regenerate NAD$$^+$$ from NADH in the absence of oxygen, enabling glycolysis to continue.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygenic photosynthesis produces O$$_2 as a $$byproduct, while anoxygenic does not.

Question 8

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 9

During the electron transport chain (ETC) in prokaryotes, where does the process occur and what is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane; oxygen (O$$_2)$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO$$_2$$, and NADH.

Question 11

A patient with a genetic defect in the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase would have impaired function in which metabolic pathway, and what would be the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle; reduced production of FADH$$_2$$ and ATP

Question 12

Which of the following reactions represents an oxidation process?

Accepted Answer

Fe$$^{2+}$$ $$\rightarrow Fe$^{3+} + e$^-$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use the electron transport chain, so most of the energy in glucose remains in the end products.

Question 14

A bacterium is growing in an environment lacking oxygen but can still generate ATP. Which metabolic pathway is most likely being used?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in binary fission?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication $$\rightarrow$$ chromosome segregation $$\rightarrow$$ cytokinesis

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the location of metabolic pathways in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, and the electron transport chain occurs in the plasma membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is a product of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 18

A scientist discovers a new photosynthetic bacterium that does not produce oxygen as a byproduct. Which of the following is most likely true about this organism?

Accepted Answer

It performs anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between oxidation and reduction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons; they always occur together in redox reactions.

Microbial Metabolism and Growth: Enzymes, Energy Pathways, and Cell Division

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