Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net reaction of glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway)?

$$\text{Glucose} + 2 \text{ADP} + 2 \text{Pi} + 2 \text{NAD}^+ \rightarrow 2 \text{Pyruvate} + 2 \text{ATP} + 2 \text{NADH} + 2 \text{H}^+$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a chemolithoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses inorganic compounds as both energy and electron sources, and carbon dioxide as a carbon source.

Question 2

During aerobic respiration, what is the primary role of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

To generate a proton motive force (PMF) by transferring electrons to oxygen.

Question 3

Which process yields the highest theoretical maximum of ATP per glucose molecule in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 4

What is the main difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net reaction of glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 2 	ext{ADP} + 2 	ext{Pi} + 2 	ext{NAD}^+ ightarrow 2 	ext{Pyruvate} + 2 	ext{ATP} + 2 	ext{NADH} + 2 	ext{H}^+$$

Question 6

In the TCA cycle, what is the fate of the two carbons from acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

They are released as CO$$_2.$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation generates ATP primarily through substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 8

A bacterium that uses light for energy, inorganic molecules for electrons, and CO$$_2$$ for carbon is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Photolithoautotroph

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why burning 1 gallon of gasoline produces about 20 pounds of CO$$_2$$, even though the gasoline itself weighs only about 6.3 pounds?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen from the atmosphere combines with carbon in gasoline to form CO$$_2.$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a possible terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 11

What is the main function of the proton motive force (PMF) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about amphibolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

They can function in both catabolic and anabolic processes.

Question 13

A microbe that uses organic molecules as both its energy and electron source, and CO$$_2 as $$its carbon source, is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Chemoorganoautotroph

Question 14

Which of the following is a product of the TCA cycle for each acetyl-CoA oxidized?

Accepted Answer

3 NADH, 1 FADH$$_2$$, 1 GTP

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

From NADH and FADH$$_2 to O$_2$$ via a series of carriers with increasing E$$_0.$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the location of the TCA cycle in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct summary of the ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP from glycolysis, 2 ATP from TCA cycle, 34 ATP from oxidative phosphorylation; total 38 ATP

Question 18

Which Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1953

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between respiration and fermentation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Respiration uses an electron transport chain, while fermentation does not.

Microbial Metabolism: Energy, Electron, and Carbon Sources; Respiration and Fermentation

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