Q: Which of the following is a correct general equation for the hydrolysis of ATP?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship among metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism in a microbial cell?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions in the cell, including catabolism (breaking down molecules to release energy) and anabolism (building molecules using energy).

Question 2

A scientist isolates an enzyme that consists of a protein and a tightly bound metal ion. What is the correct term for this enzyme structure?

Accepted Answer

Holoenzyme

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions and can be used repeatedly.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of cofactors in enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

Cofactors are inorganic or organic molecules that help bring the active site and substrate together or participate in the reaction.

Question 5

A bacterium is placed in a medium containing only lactose as a carbon source. It begins to synthesize lactase. When transferred to a medium with only sucrose, it stops making lactase and starts making sucrase. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Enzyme induction

Question 6

Which of the following mechanisms of enzyme control involves a molecule binding to a regulatory site (not the active site) and slowing enzyme activity once a certain product concentration is reached?

Accepted Answer

Noncompetitive inhibition

Question 7

Which of the following is the main chemical in which energy is stored in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 8

In a redox reaction, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct general equation for the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of NAD or FAD in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

Question 11

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis is the first step in all three main catabolic pathways and produces two molecules of pyruvic acid from one molecule of glucose.

Question 12

Which of the following is a major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses inorganic molecules such as nitrate or sulfate.

Question 13

Which of the following is a product of microbial fermentation that is industrially useful?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 14

During the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O}_2)$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes amphibolism?

Accepted Answer

The ability of a cell to integrate catabolic and anabolic pathways for efficient use of resources.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct summary of the ATP yield per molecule of glucose for each pathway?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration: up to 38 ATP; Anaerobic respiration: less than 38 ATP; Fermentation: 2 ATP

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The coupling of ATP synthesis to electron transport through the electron transport chain.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why fermentation yields less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use the electron transport chain and only partially oxidizes glucose.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pathway for the catabolism of fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation to form acetyl CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the biosynthesis of amino acids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Some bacteria, such as E. coli, can synthesize all 20 amino acids from metabolic intermediates.

Microbial Metabolism: Enzymes, Pathways, and Energy in Microbiology

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