$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{Energy}$$

$$\text{Substrate-P} + \text{ADP} \rightarrow \text{Product} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions break down macromolecules to release energy, while anabolic reactions use energy to build macromolecules.

Question 2

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{Energy}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 4

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme acts by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 6

Which coenzyme is derived from the B vitamin niacin and acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cells do not store large amounts of ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is unstable and cannot be stored for long periods.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a way to increase the rate of an enzymatic reaction according to collision theory?

Accepted Answer

Adding a competitive inhibitor.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits the first enzyme by binding to its allosteric site.

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of fermentation compared to aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.

Question 11

Which of the following equations represents substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Substrate-P} + 	ext{ADP} ightarrow 	ext{Product} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the electron transport chain in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the plasma membrane.

Question 13

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) is unable to metabolize phenylalanine due to a defective enzyme. What is the best treatment strategy?

Accepted Answer

Provide a diet low in protein.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of reduced and oxidized forms of a coenzyme?

Accepted Answer

FADH2 (reduced), FAD (oxidized)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle for each acetyl-CoA molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 17

Which pathway is used by some bacteria to break down five-carbon sugars and produce NADPH, operating simultaneously with glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 18

Which of the following statements about exoenzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are secreted outside the cell to break down large substrates.

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature of noncompetitive enzyme inhibition?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the enzyme's shape.

Microbial Metabolism: Foundations and Pathways

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