$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy, while anabolism synthesizes large molecules and requires energy.

Question 2

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 4

A microbe that uses light as its energy source and CO$$_2 as $$its carbon source is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph

Question 5

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 6

What is the main function of the proton motive force (PMF) in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To drive ATP synthase and produce ATP

Question 7

Which compound is both the electron donor and acceptor in fermentation?

Accepted Answer

An organic compound

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a product of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 9

In the ATP-ADP cycle, what is the equation for ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 10

Which enzyme is directly involved in incorporating ammonia into amino acids during biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glutamine synthetase

Question 11

A bacterium that uses inorganic chemicals (such as H$$_2 or NH$_4^+) as $$its energy source and CO$$_2 as $$its carbon source is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Chemolithoautotroph

Question 12

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate and produces NADH.

Question 13

Which of the following is a long-term energy storage compound in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate)

Question 14

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses O$$_2 as $$the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses other compounds such as NO$$_3^- or SO$_4$$^{2-}$$.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Accepted Answer

Production of pentose sugars for nucleic acids and NADPH for biosynthesis

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of high temperature on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes become denatured and lose their function.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the electron transport system (ETS) in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It is located in the cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key adaptation in fatty acid biosynthesis for bacteria living in cold environments?

Accepted Answer

Production of shorter, unsaturated fatty acids

Question 19

Which of the following microorganisms is commonly used in fermentation to produce ethanol?

Accepted Answer

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 20

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N$$_2) $$into:

Accepted Answer

Ammonia (NH$$_3)$$

Microbial Metabolism: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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