Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down large molecules into smaller products and are exergonic, while anabolic pathways build large molecules from smaller ones and are endergonic.

Question 2

Which electron carrier is primarily used as an electron donor in anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

NADP+

Question 3

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP and $$2$$ NADH

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why feedback inhibition is important in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the overproduction of end products, conserving energy and resources.

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 6

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme acts by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct summary of the products of the Krebs cycle for each glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP, $$2$$ $$FADH_2$$, $$6$$ NADH, $$4$$ $$CO_2$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate.

Question 9

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of enzymes in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Being consumed and permanently altered during reactions

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It transfers electrons to oxygen, generating a proton gradient used to synthesize ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement about the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?

Accepted Answer

It is found only in prokaryotes and produces $$1$$ ATP, $$1$$ NADH, and $$1$$ NADPH per glucose.

Question 13

Which of the following is a product of lipid catabolism that enters glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol

Question 14

Apoenzymes require which of the following to become functional holoenzymes?

Accepted Answer

Binding to nonprotein cofactors such as inorganic ions or coenzymes

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 16

Which of the following is a likely consequence if a bacterium's enzymes become denatured due to high temperature?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium's metabolic reactions will slow down or stop.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of feedback inhibition in a biosynthetic pathway?

Accepted Answer

The pathway's first committed enzyme is inhibited, preventing unnecessary use of precursors and energy.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD$$^+ by $$transferring electrons to an organic molecule.

Microbial Metabolism: Structured Study Notes for Microbiology Students

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard