Question 1

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with circular DNA, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference in DNA location between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is in the nucleoid region; eukaryotic DNA is in the nucleus.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved in protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

Question 6

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Predict the outcome for the cell.

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered to have originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They possess their own circular DNA and replicate independently.

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following transport mechanisms is responsible for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

A eukaryotic cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Question 14

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel without energy input.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the net movement of water in osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{inside} - \Psi_{outside}$$

Question 17

A researcher is studying a cell that contains ribosomes, a plasma membrane, and a nucleoid region, but no mitochondria. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a prokaryotic cell.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the endosymbiotic theory in modern biology?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium engulfing another bacterium and both surviving in a mutualistic relationship.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the lysosome in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules

Question 20

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell until equilibrium is reached. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and what is the final state called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; equilibrium

Microbiology Cell Structure and Function Study Guide

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