Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between biogenesis and spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Biogenesis states that living organisms arise from pre-existing life, while spontaneous generation states that living organisms arise from non-living matter.

Question 2

A hospital patient develops pneumonia after being admitted for a broken leg. The pneumonia is caused by a microbe that is part of the patient's normal microbiota. What is the best term for this microbe in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic pathogen

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Proving a theory

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a law and a theory in science?

Accepted Answer

A law describes what happens; a theory explains why it happens.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct order of the taxonomic hierarchy from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 6

A scientist isolates a new microbe and names it Escherichia vulneris. According to binomial nomenclature, what information does this name provide?

Accepted Answer

The genus is Escherichia and the species is vulneris.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about biofilms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms are communities of microbes attached to a surface and encased in a self-produced matrix.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biomolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 10

Which type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 11

A Gram-negative bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cell structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 13

Why do prokaryotic cells tend to be small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller size increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient nutrient uptake and waste removal.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial endospores in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Endospores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions, making them difficult to eliminate with standard disinfection.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semiconservative, with each new DNA molecule containing one old and one new strand.

Question 16

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 17

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{GAA} to$$ $$	ext{GAG}. $$Both codons code for glutamic acid. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes horizontal gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of genetic material between unrelated cells, often of the same generation.

Question 19

During bacterial conjugation, which structure is essential for the transfer of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Question 20

A patient is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is acid-fast positive. Why are acid-fast positive cells clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

Their waxy cell wall makes them resistant to many drugs and disinfectants.

Microbiology Exam 1 Study Guide: Foundations, Cell Structure, and Genetics

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