Question 1

Which of the following best explains why endospores are significant in the food industry?

Accepted Answer

Endospores can survive harsh conditions such as heat, desiccation, and chemicals, making them difficult to eliminate during food processing.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following features: a circular chromosome, 70S ribosomes, and magnetosomes. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 3

Which of the following statements about plasmids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids are small, extrachromosomal DNA circles that may carry genes for antibiotic resistance and can be transferred between bacteria.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structure of eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Arranged in a 9 + 2 array of microtubules made of tubulin

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA movement during cell division

Question 6

A patient is prescribed an antibiotic that targets 70S ribosomes. Which of the following organelles in a human cell could be affected as a side effect?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

Which of the following inclusions would most likely be found in a photosynthetic bacterium and is directly involved in carbon fixation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxysomes

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They are surrounded by a single membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi complex in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 10

Which of the following processes is unique to eukaryotic cells and involves the uptake of large particles by the extension of pseudopods?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

A mutation prevents the formation of the pericentriolar matrix in a eukaryotic cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division (mitotic spindle formation)

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches a cell wall component with the organism in which it is found?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose – plant cells

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, while prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 15

A bacterium is found to have a large number of gas vacuoles. What is the most likely function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Buoyancy regulation

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the glycocalyx in eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is found in animal cells and is involved in cell–cell recognition and attachment.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the formation of a bacterial endospore?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication → spore septum formation → spore coat formation → endospore release

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, similar to bacteria.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of cell membranes, fats, and hormones

Question 20

A cell is observed to have cytoplasmic streaming. Which of the following statements is true regarding this process?

Accepted Answer

It is a movement of the cytoplasm throughout a eukaryotic cell, aiding in distribution of materials.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structures and Functions

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