Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly identifies a difference between the two prokaryotic domains, Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not.

Question 2

Why do prokaryotic cells tend to be small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small size increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, enhancing nutrient uptake and waste removal.

Question 3

A bacterium that can change its shape depending on environmental conditions is described as:

Accepted Answer

Pleomorphic

Question 4

Which of the following best describes binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A form of asexual reproduction where the cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following genera are considered acid-fast, and why is the acid-fast stain clinically useful?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium and Nocardia; the stain helps identify bacteria with waxy cell walls that resist decolorization.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 8

What would happen to a bacterial cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Water would leave the cell, causing it to shrink (plasmolysis).

Question 9

Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and is important in the formation of biofilms?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where the cell's DNA is located, not surrounded by a membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are 70S in size and support the endosymbiotic theory due to their similarity to mitochondrial ribosomes.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of endospores in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions.

Question 13

Which of the following is a medically important Gram-negative bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 14

Which of the following is a medically important Gram-positive bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain cell shape, assists in cell division, and organizes cellular components.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an inclusion body in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Polyhydroxybutyrate granules

Question 17

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

Which of the following statements about L-forms and Mycoplasma bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both lack a cell wall, but L-forms arise from bacteria that normally have a cell wall, while Mycoplasma naturally lack one.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of peritrichous flagella?

Accepted Answer

Flagella are distributed over the entire surface of the cell.

Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes

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