Question 1

Which structure in the prokaryotic cell is primarily responsible for protecting the cell from phagocytosis and desiccation?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 2

What is the main function of the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It contains enzymes and proteins involved in nutrient acquisition

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A region containing the cell's circular DNA, not surrounded by a membrane

Question 4

Which component is responsible for the selective permeability of the prokaryotic cell, allowing certain molecules to enter or exit?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 5

The bacterial flagellum is composed of three main parts. Which of the following correctly matches the part with its function?

Accepted Answer

Basal body – anchors the flagellum to the cell and acts as a motor

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the bacterial cell wall is correct?

Accepted Answer

It provides rigidity and protects against osmotic lysis

Question 7

What is the primary function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 9

Which structure is responsible for storing reserve materials such as glycogen or polyphosphate in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Inclusion

Question 10

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic environment. What process occurs, and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Plasmolysis; the plasma membrane shrinks away from the cell wall

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Gram-negative cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It contains an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 12

Which enzyme hydrolyzes the bond connecting the sugars in peptidoglycan, leading to bacterial cell lysis?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme

Question 13

What is the main difference between a protoplast and a spheroplast?

Accepted Answer

A protoplast is derived from Gram-positive bacteria, while a spheroplast is from Gram-negative bacteria

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the bacterial capsule is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It is essential for bacterial survival in all environments

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of gas vacuoles in aquatic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They provide buoyancy, allowing the cell to float at desired depths

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Protection against osmotic pressure

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is the chief point of contact with the cell’s environment

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Site of protein synthesis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about ribosomes in prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of proteins in the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are embedded in or associated with a fluid lipid bilayer

Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function Study Guide

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