Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes a key difference between the two prokaryotic domains, Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have unique membrane lipids with ether linkages, while Bacteria have ester-linked membrane lipids.

Question 2

Which of the following is an extracellular structure found in prokaryotes that aids in attachment to surfaces and evasion of the host immune system?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 3

What is the average diameter of a typical prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5-5\ \mu m$$

Question 4

Which feature of Gram-negative bacteria makes them generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

Question 5

A scientist observes that a bacterial cell is able to survive in a hypertonic solution. Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for maintaining its internal environment?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of solutes into the cell to balance osmotic pressure

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport requires energy to move substances against the gradient.

Question 7

A bacterium is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome if its cell wall is damaged?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lyse due to water influx.

Question 8

Which structure is primarily responsible for bacterial motility and how does it function?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum; by rotating to propel the cell

Question 9

How does the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell differ from the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

The nucleoid is not membrane-bound and contains circular DNA, while the nucleus is membrane-bound and contains linear DNA.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of thylakoids in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 11

Which statement best explains the role of bacterial endospores in human disease?

Accepted Answer

Endospores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions, leading to persistence and transmission of diseases such as anthrax and botulism.

Question 12

Which of the following antibiotics targets the peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Question 13

Why are antibiotics that target bacterial ribosomes generally less toxic to human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes, allowing selective targeting.

Question 14

A patient is infected with a Gram-negative bacterium. Which structural feature makes this bacterium more resistant to lysozyme compared to Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of storage granules in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of nutrients such as glycogen or polyphosphate for later use

Question 16

A bacterium is exposed to penicillin. Which cellular structure is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why Gram-positive bacteria stain purple in the Gram stain procedure?

Accepted Answer

They have a thick peptidoglycan layer that traps the crystal violet-iodine complex.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bacterial DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Initiation at a single origin, bidirectional replication, termination at a specific site

Question 19

Which of the following best explains how periplasmic flagella benefit spirochetes?

Accepted Answer

They enable spirochetes to move through viscous environments, such as host tissues.

Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for Microbiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard