Question 1

Which of the following best describes a fundamental structural difference between viruses and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack cellular organelles and metabolic machinery, while prokaryotes possess both.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a pathogen that consists of a protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core, but lacks ribosomes and cannot reproduce independently. Which of the following best classifies this pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Question 3

Which of the following components is present in all viruses but absent in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Capsid

Question 4

A virus infects a bacterial cell and uses the host's machinery to replicate. Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites?

Accepted Answer

They require host cell enzymes and ribosomes for replication.

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly compares the genetic material of viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Viruses may have either DNA or RNA as genetic material, while prokaryotes and eukaryotes always have DNA.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a viral infection. Which of the following features would you expect to find in the virus but not in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Capsid composed of protein subunits

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target bacterial cell walls are ineffective against viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack cell walls and metabolic pathways targeted by antibiotics.

Question 8

Which of the following equations best represents the burst size ($$B) of a $$lytic virus, given the total number of new virions produced ($$N) $$and the number of infected host cells ($$C$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$B = \frac{N}{C}$$

Question 9

A researcher observes that a certain virus can only infect human liver cells. Which viral structure is most responsible for this host specificity?

Accepted Answer

Capsid proteins that interact with specific host cell receptors

Question 10

Which of the following statements about viral envelopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from the host cell during budding.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, but not between prokaryotes and viruses?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 12

A virus is found to have a helical capsid and an RNA genome. Which of the following best describes the function of the capsid?

Accepted Answer

It protects the viral genome and aids in host cell attachment.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not classified as living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They lack independent metabolism and cannot reproduce without a host.

Question 14

A new antiviral drug is designed to inhibit the assembly of viral capsids. Which stage of the viral replication cycle would this drug most directly affect?

Accepted Answer

Assembly

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the size of viruses compared to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are generally smaller than both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the composition of a typical viral capsid?

Accepted Answer

A protein shell made of repeating subunits called capsomeres

Question 17

A virus is found to be sensitive to detergents that disrupt lipid membranes. What does this suggest about the virus?

Accepted Answer

It is an enveloped virus.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not affected by antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Viruses do not carry out protein synthesis independently; they rely on host cell ribosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but not by viruses?

Accepted Answer

Ability to carry out metabolism independently

Viruses: Structure and Comparison with Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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