$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{mRNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Viruses do not perform metabolism and cannot synthesize proteins.

Question 2

A virus particle outside of a host cell, consisting of a protein coat and nucleic acid core, is called a:

Accepted Answer

Virion

Question 3

Which structural feature is responsible for the attachment of a virus to its host cell?

Accepted Answer

Spikes (glycoproteins)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between a virus and a prion?

Accepted Answer

A prion is a proteinaceous infectious particle lacking nucleic acids, while a virus contains either DNA or RNA.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the viral envelope?

Accepted Answer

It is acquired from the host cell membrane during viral replication or release.

Question 6

A virus with a hollow, cylindrical capsid is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Helical virus

Question 7

Which step in the animal virus replication cycle involves commandeering the host cell's transcription and translation machinery?

Accepted Answer

Biosynthesis

Question 8

During viral replication, which process allows enveloped viruses to exit the host cell without immediately killing it?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Question 9

Which of the following viruses is an example of a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus with a helical capsid and envelope?

Accepted Answer

Rabies virus

Question 10

What is the main function of hemagglutinin in the measles virus?

Accepted Answer

It attaches to receptors on host epithelial cells.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the epidemiology of measles in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Measles was eradicated in the early 2000s, but cases have re-emerged due to unvaccinated individuals.

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing clinical feature of measles?

Accepted Answer

Maculopapular rash

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology as it relates to viral biosynthesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about viral latency is correct?

Accepted Answer

Latent viruses may remain dormant for years with no signs or symptoms.

Question 15

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of viral latency in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Periodic outbreaks of disease symptoms at the site innervated by the infected nerve

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a polyhedral virus?

Accepted Answer

A virus with a capsid composed of geometrical sides

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible reason why antibiotics are sometimes used in measles treatment?

Accepted Answer

To treat secondary bacterial infections that may develop

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about prions?

Accepted Answer

They replicate by converting normal proteins into abnormal forms.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of viral penetration by membrane fusion?

Accepted Answer

The viral envelope fuses with the host cell membrane, releasing the capsid into the cytoplasm.

Viruses: Structure, Replication, and Viral Diseases (Measles & Herpes)

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