Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes microeconomics from macroeconomics?

Accepted Answer

Microeconomics studies the behavior of individual households and firms, while macroeconomics focuses on aggregate economic variables such as GDP and inflation.

Question 2

Suppose the demand for coffee is given by $$ Q_d = 100 - 2P $$ and the supply is $$ Q_s = 20 + 3P . $$What is the equilibrium price?

Accepted Answer

$$ P = 16 $$

Question 3

Which of the following statements is an example of a normative economic statement?

Accepted Answer

"The government should increase the minimum wage to help low-income workers."

Question 4

If the price of a good increases from $$10 to 12$ and the quantity demanded decreases from 100$ to 80$, what is the price elasticity of demand (using the midpoint formula)?

Accepted Answer

$$ -1.11 $$

Question 5

A market is considered competitive if:

Accepted Answer

There are many buyers and sellers, and no single buyer or seller can influence the market price.

Question 6

If the cross-price elasticity of demand between two goods is positive, what does this imply?

Accepted Answer

The two goods are substitutes.

Question 7

Suppose a consumer's budget constraint is $$ 2x + 4y = 100 . If $$the price of $$x$$ increases to $$4$$, what happens to the budget line?

Accepted Answer

The budget line pivots inward, reducing the maximum amount of $$x$$ the consumer can buy.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between two goods $$x$$ and $$y$$?

Accepted Answer

The rate at which a consumer is willing to give up $$y$$ for one more unit of $$x$$, holding utility constant.

Question 9

If a consumer views two goods as perfect complements, which of the following best describes their indifference curves?

Accepted Answer

L-shaped, reflecting that the goods are consumed in fixed proportions.

Question 10

A consumer maximizes utility by choosing a bundle where:

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{MU_x}{P_x} = \frac{MU_y}{P_y} $$

Question 11

If the income elasticity of demand for a good is negative, the good is:

Accepted Answer

An inferior good.

Question 12

Suppose the government imposes a price ceiling below the equilibrium price in a competitive market. What is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A shortage, as quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the price elasticity of supply for durable goods compared to non-durable goods?

Accepted Answer

The price elasticity of supply for durable goods is generally higher because producers can store unsold goods and respond to price changes.

Question 14

If a consumer's utility function is $$ U(x, y) = x + y $$, what is the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between $$x$$ and $$y$$?

Accepted Answer

$$ 1 $$

Question 15

A cyclical industry is best described as one in which:

Accepted Answer

Demand and output fluctuate significantly with the business cycle.

Question 16

If the price of good $$x$$ increases, what happens to the opportunity cost of consuming good $$y$$?

Accepted Answer

The opportunity cost of $$y$$ decreases, since more $$y$$ can be bought for each unit of $$x$$ forgone.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an assumption about consumer preferences in microeconomic theory?

Accepted Answer

Consumers always prefer perfect substitutes.

Question 18

If a consumer's budget line shifts outward in a parallel fashion, what has most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

The consumer's income has increased, with prices unchanged.

Question 19

Suppose a consumer faces the following utility function: $$ U(x, y) = x^2$ y . If $$the price of $$x is$$ $$2$$, the price of $$y is$$ $$1$$, and income is $$12$$, what is the utility-maximizing bundle?

Accepted Answer

$$ x = 2, y = 4 $$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a 'bad' in microeconomic theory?

Accepted Answer

A good for which less is preferred to more, such as pollution.

Microeconomics Study Guide: Preliminaries, Supply & Demand, and Consumer Behavior

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