Question 1

Which of the following best describes oxidative stress in the human body?

Accepted Answer

An imbalance between free radical production and the body's detoxification and repair systems.

Question 2

Which of the following is a water-soluble antioxidant vitamin that must be obtained from the diet and is found in high amounts in citrus fruits?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 3

A molecule of oxygen with one unpaired electron is called:

Accepted Answer

Superoxide

Question 4

Which enzyme system is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide?

Accepted Answer

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about antioxidants is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Some antioxidants are synthesized by the body, while others must be obtained from the diet.

Question 6

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant and is found in nuts, oils, and leafy greens?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 7

A patient presents with symptoms of bleeding gums, fatigue, and increased susceptibility to infection. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 8

Which of the following minerals is essential for the detoxification of free radicals and is found in organ meats and seafood?

Accepted Answer

Selenium

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables is recommended for optimal antioxidant intake?

Accepted Answer

Because the combination of different nutrients and phytochemicals provides additive and synergistic effects.

Question 10

Which of the following phytochemicals is associated with a decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and is found in vibrantly colored fruits and vegetables?

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids

Question 11

Which of the following is a possible consequence of excessive antioxidant intake?

Accepted Answer

Some antioxidants can act as pro-oxidants and increase oxidative stress.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of free radicals in the body?

Accepted Answer

They play important roles in immune function and cell signaling.

Question 13

A diet high in which of the following is most likely to increase the risk of oxidative stress?

Accepted Answer

Processed foods containing heavy metals and exposure to smoke

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing the dilation of blood vessels

Question 15

Which of the following statements about phytochemicals is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phytochemicals can act as antioxidants and have other health-related functions.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why antioxidant supplements are not recommended as a replacement for a healthy diet?

Accepted Answer

Supplements do not provide the complex mixture of nutrients and phytochemicals found in whole foods.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of vitamin E in the body?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting blood-clot formation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between antioxidants and chronic disease risk?

Accepted Answer

Consuming antioxidant-rich foods is associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases.

Question 19

Which of the following minerals can act as both an antioxidant and a pro-oxidant depending on its concentration in the body?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 20

A person wants to increase their intake of flavonoids for cardiovascular health. Which of the following foods would be most beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Tea and berries

Antioxidant Nutrients: Roles, Sources, and Health Implications

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