Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding a water molecule, while dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a true polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 3

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of biomolecule?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 4

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have identical molecular formulas but different arrangements of atoms.

Question 5

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$R-COOH)$$

Question 6

Which of the following polysaccharides is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 8

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 9

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form the main structure of cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbons, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the fluidity of cell membranes.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 13

Which of the following diseases is associated with protein misfolding?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid

Question 15

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 16

What is the main function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the energy currency for cellular processes.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important for dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up these reactions without being changed or consumed.

Question 18

A patient is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix with two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Biomolecules and Their Role in Nutrition: Structure, Function, and Examples

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