Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for the percentage of calories from carbohydrates in a diet?

$$\text{Percent Calories from Carbohydrates} = \frac{\text{grams of carbohydrate} \times 4}{\text{total Calories}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the glycemic index (GI) of lentils is lower than that of white bread, as shown in the blood glucose response graph?

Accepted Answer

Lentils have a higher fiber and protein content, which slows carbohydrate digestion and absorption.

Question 2

A patient with type 1 diabetes forgets to take their insulin before a carbohydrate-rich meal. Which of the following best describes what happens to their blood glucose and why?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose increases because glucose cannot enter cells without insulin, leading to hyperglycemia.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for the percentage of calories from carbohydrates in a diet?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percent Calories from Carbohydrates} = \frac{	ext{grams of carbohydrate} 	imes 4}{	ext{total Calories}} 	imes 100$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about fructose metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fructose is primarily metabolized in the liver and can be converted to fat via lipogenesis.

Question 5

A person consumes a meal high in glucose. Which sequence best describes the metabolic fate of glucose in the body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose → Glycolysis → Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA → Krebs Cycle → Electron Transport Chain → ATP

Question 6

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver to release glucose

Question 7

A patient with type 2 diabetes has high blood glucose despite normal insulin levels. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The body's cells are resistant to insulin, so glucose cannot efficiently enter the cells.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids.

Question 9

Which of the following foods would have the highest glycemic index based on the blood glucose response graph?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the brain's energy needs is correct?

Accepted Answer

The brain relies primarily on glucose for energy and cannot store it.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage as glycogen or fat in these tissues.

Question 12

A person eats a meal containing both glucose and fructose. What is the expected effect on insulin secretion compared to glucose alone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin secretion will be higher because the combination of glucose and fructose triggers a greater response.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the storage forms of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why high fructose corn syrup may contribute to increased fat storage in the body?

Accepted Answer

Fructose is metabolized in the liver and induces lipogenic enzymes, promoting fat synthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen to release glucose.

Question 16

A person with hypoglycemia experiences dizziness and confusion. Which physiological process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

The ability to maintain blood glucose homeostasis.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes results from insufficient insulin production, while type 2 is due to insulin resistance.

Question 18

Which of the following carbohydrates must be enzymatically digested before absorption?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 19

Which of the following foods does NOT contain significant amounts of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Meat

Carbohydrates in the Body: Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism Study Guide

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