Question 1

Which of the following is the main energy source for the human brain under normal dietary conditions?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with diverticulosis. Which dietary recommendation would best help prevent complications from this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increase intake of insoluble fiber-rich foods

Question 3

Which part of a whole grain contains the majority of fiber and B vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Bran

Question 4

A food with a high glycemic index will most likely:

Accepted Answer

Cause a rapid spike in blood glucose levels

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into maltose in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic amylase

Question 6

Which hormone lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 7

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 8

What is the number one source of added sugar in the average American diet?

Accepted Answer

Sugar-sweetened beverages

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 10

Which type of fat is considered most beneficial for heart health?

Accepted Answer

Monounsaturated fats

Question 11

Which of the following is a source of unsaturated fat?

Accepted Answer

Olive oil

Question 12

Which lipoprotein is commonly referred to as 'bad cholesterol' due to its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 13

Which process describes the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why proteins are unique compared to carbohydrates and fats?

Accepted Answer

They contain nitrogen in their structure

Question 15

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for protein digestion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 16

A vegan diet excludes all animal products. Which of the following is a complementary plant-based protein combination?

Accepted Answer

Rice and beans

Question 17

What is the energy density (kcal/g) for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, respectively?

Accepted Answer

$$4, 9, 4$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a health risk associated with excessive protein intake over time?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of kidney damage

Question 19

Which process involves transferring an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid to form a new amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Transamination

Question 20

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins: Key Concepts for Nutrition Exam 2

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