Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of gluconeogenesis?

$$\text{Non-carbohydrate precursor} \rightarrow \text{Glucose}$$

Q: A 30-year-old woman consumes 2,000 kcal per day. According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), what is the recommended range of calories from carbohydrates for her?

$$900 \text{ kcal} - 1,300 \text{ kcal}$$

Q: Which of the following best describes the process of glycogenolysis?

$$\text{Glycogen} \rightarrow \text{Glucose}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between whole grains and refined grains?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains contain all parts of the grain kernel, including the bran, germ, and endosperm, while refined grains have had the bran and germ removed.

Question 2

A patient with type 1 diabetes injects insulin before meals. What is the primary function of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood glucose levels.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Non-carbohydrate precursor} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}$$

Question 4

A 30-year-old woman consumes 2,000 kcal per day. According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), what is the recommended range of calories from carbohydrates for her?

Accepted Answer

$$900 	ext{ kcal} - 1,300 	ext{ kcal}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber can help lower blood cholesterol levels.

Question 6

A person eats a meal high in carbohydrates. Which hormone is released to help regulate their blood glucose, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; it stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glycogen} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}$$

Question 8

A food has a glycemic index (GI) of 90. What does this indicate about the food?

Accepted Answer

It causes a rapid and high increase in blood glucose after consumption.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct recommendation for added sugar intake according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

Less than 10% of total daily calories should come from added sugars.

Question 10

A patient with lactose intolerance is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cells, especially the brain and red blood cells.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between natural and added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Natural sugars are found inherently in foods like fruits and milk, while added sugars are incorporated during processing or preparation.

Question 13

A person is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels are below the normal range.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about artificial sweeteners is correct?

Accepted Answer

They provide little or no calories because they are not fully absorbed or metabolized.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct equation for the process of glycogenesis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 	ext{Glycogen}$$

Question 16

A person on a very low-carbohydrate diet begins to produce ketone bodies. What is the physiological reason for this?

Accepted Answer

The body is breaking down fat for energy in the absence of sufficient glucose.

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended daily intake for dietary fiber for adults?

Accepted Answer

25–38 grams per day

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood.

Question 19

A patient with type 2 diabetes is advised to consume foods with a low glycemic index. Which of the following is a likely benefit of this dietary change?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain more stable blood glucose levels after meals.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about sugar alcohols is correct?

Accepted Answer

They provide fewer calories per gram than regular sugar and may cause gastrointestinal discomfort if consumed in excess.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Health Implications

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