Question 1

Which B vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis and is especially important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects?

Accepted Answer

Folate (Vitamin B9)

Question 2

A patient presents with dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible, and what is the name of the disease?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B3 deficiency; Pellagra

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidation in the body?

Accepted Answer

A chemical process where a substance loses electrons

Question 4

A 30-year-old vegan is at risk for which vitamin deficiency, and what is a major consequence if left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency; Nerve damage

Question 5

Which of the following is a good non-seafood source of iodine?

Accepted Answer

Dairy

Question 6

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant and helps protect cell membranes from free radical damage?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 7

A patient is found to have low hemoglobin and is experiencing fatigue. Which mineral deficiency is most likely, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Iron; Oxygen transport in blood

Question 8

Calculate the BMI for a person who weighs 80 kg and is 1.75 m tall. Use the formula $$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{$$height^2$$\ (m^2$)} .$$

Accepted Answer

BMI = 26.1

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of Vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

Promotes calcium absorption in the intestines

Question 10

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Peak bone mass is usually achieved by the late 20s

Question 11

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Obesity prior to pregnancy

Question 12

Which of the following is the most accurate way to measure bone density?

Accepted Answer

X-ray (DXA or DEXA)

Question 13

Which of the following is a key function of folate in the body?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell production and DNA synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to prevent foodborne illness?

Accepted Answer

Washing hands with hot, soapy water for at least 20 seconds before handling food

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the term 'food desert'?

Accepted Answer

An area where residents have limited access to affordable and nutritious food, especially fresh fruits and vegetables

Question 16

Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant?

Accepted Answer

Provides immune factors and reduces infections

Question 17

Which of the following is a major function of Vitamin A in the body?

Accepted Answer

Vision and cell growth

Question 18

Which of the following is a key step in the process of genetic modification of crops?

Accepted Answer

Inserting the gene for the desired trait into the plant's DNA

Question 19

Which of the following is a major risk factor for osteoporosis in women?

Accepted Answer

Early menopause

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the energy balance equation?

Accepted Answer

Energy balance is achieved when energy intake equals energy expenditure: $$ Energy\ Balance = Energy\ Intake - Energy\ Expenditure $$

Final

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