$$662-(9.53*\text{age}[y]) + PA*\{(15.91*\text{weight}[kg]) + (539.6*\text{height}[m])\}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a negative energy balance?

Accepted Answer

Energy intake is less than energy expenditure, resulting in weight loss.

Question 2

A person consumes 2,500 kcal per day and expends 2,000 kcal per day. What is the expected outcome over time?

Accepted Answer

They will gain weight due to positive energy balance.

Question 3

Which component of total energy expenditure typically accounts for the largest proportion in most adults?

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 4

Which of the following activities is NOT included in basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Walking to class

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for adult men?

Accepted Answer

$$662-(9.53*	ext{age}[y]) + PA*\{(15.91*	ext{weight}[kg]) + (539.6*	ext{height}[m])\}$$

Question 6

Which factor would most likely decrease a person's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Older age

Question 7

If two people eat the same meal, why might they absorb different numbers of calories?

Accepted Answer

Due to differences in digestion efficiency and gut microbiome.

Question 8

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the genetic influence on body mass and composition?

Accepted Answer

Adopted children resemble their biological parents in physical characteristics.

Question 9

According to the 'thrifty gene' hypothesis, why did humans evolve the ability to store excess food as fat?

Accepted Answer

To survive periods of food scarcity.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the set-point theory of body weight regulation?

Accepted Answer

Body weight is homeostatically controlled at a certain level, which may be changeable.

Question 11

Childhood obesity is associated with which change in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Increase in fat cell number

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting fat storage in the lower body during female puberty?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Starvation or fasting

Question 14

A person is trying to lose weight by eating fewer calories. What physiological response is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Their basal metabolic rate (BMR) will decrease.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of the thermic effect of food (TEF)?

Accepted Answer

Chewing and digesting a meal

Question 16

Which of the following statements about fat cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fat cell number increases primarily during childhood and early puberty.

Question 17

Which environmental factor is NOT commonly associated with increased obesity risk?

Accepted Answer

Regular exposure to cold virus

Question 18

A female, age 49, moderately active, weighing 77 kg and 1.8 m tall, has an EER calculated as follows. What is the correct formula?

Accepted Answer

$$354-(6.91*49) + 1.27*((9.36*77) + (726*1.8))$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible reason why weight regain is common after dieting?

Accepted Answer

Negative energy balance causes a drop in BMR, making it harder to maintain weight loss.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the variability of weight gain in overfeeding studies is correct?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain varies widely among participants due to genetic and metabolic differences.

Energy Balance, Body Weight Regulation, and Obesity: Nutrition Study Guide

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