Question 1

Which of the following minerals is the primary intracellular cation, and what is its main physiological role?

Accepted Answer

Potassium; maintaining intracellular fluid balance

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness, confusion, and irregular heartbeat. Lab results show low serum potassium. Which food would be most effective to recommend to increase potassium intake?

Accepted Answer

Bananas

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Vitamin D and Calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D enhances intestinal absorption of calcium

Question 4

Which of the following is a rich food source of magnesium?

Accepted Answer

Spinach

Question 5

A person with a diet high in processed foods is most likely to have high intake of which electrolyte, and what is a potential health consequence?

Accepted Answer

Sodium; hypertension

Question 6

Which of the following vitamins acts as an antioxidant and helps protect cell membranes from free radical damage?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 7

Which of the following statements about free radicals is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes

Question 8

A deficiency in which vitamin is most likely to result in scurvy, and who is at greatest risk?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C; people with limited fruit and vegetable intake

Question 9

Which of the following minerals can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid methionine?

Accepted Answer

Choline

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts build bone; osteoclasts break down bone

Question 11

Which of the following factors would most likely decrease the percentage of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Increased body fat

Question 12

A pregnant woman is advised to increase her intake of folate to prevent which of the following birth defects?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube defects

Question 13

Which of the following is a pro-vitamin and can be converted into an active vitamin in the body?

Accepted Answer

Beta-carotene

Question 14

A marathon runner collapses during a race on a hot day. He is confused, has stopped sweating, and his body temperature is $$40^\circC. $$What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Heat stroke

Question 15

Which of the following is a heme source of iron?

Accepted Answer

Chicken breast

Question 16

Which of the following best explains how water moves across cell membranes in response to electrolyte concentration?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 17

Which of the following dietary patterns would most likely help maintain normal blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Low sodium, high potassium diet

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature through sweating

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible risk factor for increased free radical formation in the body?

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with hypercalcemia. Which of the following is a potential complication?

Accepted Answer

Kidney stones

Exam 3 Review: Nutrients, Electrolytes, Antioxidants, and Bone Health

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