Question 1

Which of the following nutrients is most critical to supplement prior to and during early pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

Accepted Answer

Folate

Question 2

A pregnant woman in her second trimester should increase her daily caloric intake by approximately how many calories?

Accepted Answer

$$340$$ calories

Question 3

Which of the following behaviors is recommended for both men and women before attempting conception?

Accepted Answer

Attaining a healthy body weight

Question 4

During pregnancy, why is it important for women to consume at least $$175 g of $$carbohydrates per day?

Accepted Answer

To spare protein for fetal growth and provide glucose for brain development

Question 5

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with gestational diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Macromosia (large baby)

Question 6

A woman who is underweight prior to conception is at increased risk for which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Preterm birth

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a recommended dietary habit for a breast-feeding mother?

Accepted Answer

Restricting fluid intake to less than 8 cups per day

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for exchanging oxygen, nutrients, and waste between mother and fetus?

Accepted Answer

Placenta

Question 9

During which critical period does neural tube development occur, and why is maternal nutrition especially important at this time?

Accepted Answer

Between 17 and 30 days of gestation; folate is needed to prevent defects

Question 10

Which of the following is a benefit of breast-feeding for infants?

Accepted Answer

Decreased risk of infection and chronic diseases

Question 11

A pregnant woman reports frequent heartburn and constipation in her third trimester. Which dietary strategy is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Eat frequent, small meals and increase fiber intake

Question 12

Which of the following is a high-risk pregnancy factor?

Accepted Answer

Pre-pregnancy BMI below 18.5 or above 25

Question 13

Which equation best represents the additional protein requirement for a pregnant woman compared to a nonpregnant woman?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{pregnant} = P_{nonpregnant} + 25$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a recommended physical activity guideline for pregnant women?

Accepted Answer

Perform 20-30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week

Question 15

Which nutrient is especially important for brain development in infants and is found in high amounts in breast milk?

Accepted Answer

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Question 16

A teenage mother is at increased risk for which of the following nutritional deficiencies?

Accepted Answer

Iron, folic acid, calcium, and calories

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason why formula may be recommended instead of breast milk?

Accepted Answer

Mother is infected with HIV

Question 18

Which of the following statements about maternal weight gain during pregnancy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Women should gain about 3.5 lbs during the first trimester and 1 lb/week during the second and third trimesters

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of excessive weight retention after pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of chronic diseases later in life

Question 20

Which equation best represents the additional caloric needs for a lactating woman during the first 6 months of breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{lactation} = E_{pregnancy} + 500$$

exam 4 Pregnancy and Lactation

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