$$\text{Energy from fat (kcal)} = 9 \text{ kcal/gram}$$

$$\text{AMDR}_{\text{fat}} = 20\% - 35\% \text{ of total energy intake}$$

$$\text{Linoleic acid} \rightarrow \text{Arachidonic acid}$$

Question 1

Which of the following foods is highest in monounsaturated fatty acids, based on the images and study materials provided?

Accepted Answer

Olive oil

Question 2

A triglyceride molecule consists of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules

Question 3

Which lipid is a major structural component of cell membranes and acts as an emulsifier?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 4

Egg yolks are a good dietary source of which lipid type?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 5

Which structure is characteristic of cholesterol, as shown in the provided images?

Accepted Answer

Multiple rings of carbon atoms

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the energy provided by fat per gram?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy from fat (kcal)} = 9 	ext{ kcal/gram}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds

Question 8

Which formula correctly represents a monounsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_{18}:1\ \omega-9$$

Question 9

Which dietary fat is most likely to be solid at room temperature, based on its fatty acid composition?

Accepted Answer

Butter

Question 10

Trans fatty acids are created by which process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 11

Which essential fatty acid is found in high amounts in fish and fish oils?

Accepted Answer

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Question 12

What is the main function of bile in lipid digestion?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifies fat to increase surface area for digestion

Question 13

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting dietary fats from the intestine to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicron

Question 14

High levels of which lipoprotein are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

LDL

Question 15

Which dietary strategy is most effective for lowering LDL cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

Replace saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

Question 16

Which equation represents the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat intake?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AMDR}_{	ext{fat}} = 20\% - 35\% 	ext{ of total energy intake}$$

Question 17

A patient presents with chest pain and is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which process is most directly responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Plaque buildup of oxidized cholesterol, protein, and calcium in arterial walls

Question 18

Which dietary change is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Eat more omega-3 fatty acids from food sources

Question 19

Which equation best describes the conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Linoleic acid} ightarrow 	ext{Arachidonic acid}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease according to the American Heart Association?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fat intake

Lipids: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Health Implications

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