Q: A food label lists the following fat content per serving: 10g total fat, 2g saturated fat, 6g monounsaturated fat, and 2g polyunsaturated fat. What percentage of the total fat is saturated fat? Use the formula $$\text{Percentage} = \frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Whole}} \times 100.$$

$$\frac{2}{10} \times 100 = 20\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids yield more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen, resulting in more high-energy bonds.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Impaired brain growth and development, especially in infants.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone.

Question 4

Which of the following foods is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Salmon

Question 5

A food label lists the following fat content per serving: 10g total fat, 2g saturated fat, 6g monounsaturated fat, and 2g polyunsaturated fat. What percentage of the total fat is saturated fat? Use the formula $$	ext{Percentage} = \frac{	ext{Part}}{	ext{Whole}} 	imes 100.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{2}{10} 	imes 100 = 20\%$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about LDL and HDL is correct?

Accepted Answer

LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to cells, while HDL removes excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Question 7

A person consumes a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids but low in omega-3 fatty acids. Which health risk is most likely to increase?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of coronary heart disease

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storage of excess energy as fat

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 10

A patient’s blood test shows the following lipid profile: Total cholesterol = 250 mg/dL, LDL = 170 mg/dL, HDL = 35 mg/dL, Triacylglycerols = 210 mg/dL. According to NIH guidelines, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

LDL and total cholesterol are high, HDL is low, and triacylglycerols are high.

Question 11

Which of the following dietary changes would most effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

Replace saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

Question 12

Which of the following statements about essential fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is required for the synthesis of sex hormones, vitamin D, and bile salts.

Question 14

A food contains 9 grams of fat, 4 grams of protein, and 12 grams of carbohydrate. Calculate the total energy content in kilocalories using the following values: $$1	ext{g fat} = 9	ext{kcal}$$, $$1	ext{g protein} = 4	ext{kcal}$$, $$1	ext{g carbohydrate} = 4	ext{kcal}. $$What is the total energy content?

Accepted Answer

$$9 	imes 9 + 4 	imes 4 + 12 	imes 4 = 81 + 16 + 48 = 145	ext{ kcal}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why fiber-rich foods can help lower cholesterol absorption?

Accepted Answer

Fiber binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract, reducing its absorption.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They contain two or more double bonds in their carbon chains.

Question 17

A person wants to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following lifestyle changes would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats and increase physical activity.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the digestion and absorption of lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bile acts as an emulsifier, allowing fats to be digested and absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of eicosanoids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids that regulate various body functions.

Lipids: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Health Implications

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