Q: A food product contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. Calculate the total calories in this product. Use the following caloric values: carbohydrate = $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ \text{kcal/g}.$$

$$10 \times 4 + 5 \times 4 + 2 \times 9 = 40 + 20 + 18 = 78\ \text{kcal}$$

Q: A 70 kg adult requires $$0.8\ \text{g} of $$protein per kg body weight per day. Calculate the total daily protein requirement for this individual.

$$70 \times 0.8 = 56\ \text{g}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best defines an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot make it or cannot make enough of it.

Question 2

A food product contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. Calculate the total calories in this product. Use the following caloric values: carbohydrate = $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ 	ext{kcal/g}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 4 + 2 	imes 9 = 40 + 20 + 18 = 78\ 	ext{kcal}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of protein in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with Kwashiorkor. Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Edema and swollen abdomen

Question 5

Which of the following statements about vitamins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be excreted in urine than stored in the body.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids.

Question 7

A food label claims, 'Calcium builds strong bones.' This is an example of which type of claim?

Accepted Answer

Structure/function claim

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder in response to fat in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

It adds bulk to stool and helps prevent constipation.

Question 10

A 70 kg adult requires $$0.8\ 	ext{g} of $$protein per kg body weight per day. Calculate the total daily protein requirement for this individual.

Accepted Answer

$$70 	imes 0.8 = 56\ 	ext{g}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrogenation?

Accepted Answer

Adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids to make them more saturated

Question 12

Which of the following is a long-term consequence of poorly managed diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Kidney damage (nephropathy)

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of albumin in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Maintains osmotic pressure and fluid balance

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the American diet is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The majority of Americans exceed recommendations for added sugars and saturated fats.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of a nutrient-dense food?

Accepted Answer

High in nutrients relative to its calorie content

Question 16

Which organ is primarily responsible for the absorption of most nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 17

A person consumes a meal containing 30 grams of carbohydrate, 10 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. What percentage of the total calories comes from fat? (Use: carbohydrate = $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ 	ext{kcal/g})$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{5 	imes 9}{(30 	imes 4 + 10 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 9)} 	imes 100 = \frac{45}{205} 	imes 100 \approx 22\%$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system in nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Transporting fat-soluble nutrients and large lipids

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Unfolding and loss of protein structure due to heat, acid, or agitation

Question 20

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for preventing heart disease according to the Dietary Guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Limit intake of trans fats and added sugars

NUTR 2030: Study Guide for Chapters 1-7 (Science of Nutrition, Macronutrients, Digestion, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Alcohol)

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