Q: A food contains 10 grams of protein, 5 grams of fat, and 40 grams of carbohydrate. What is the total caloric content of this food? Use the following caloric values: protein = $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ \text{kcal/g}$$, carbohydrate = $$4\ \text{kcal/g}.$$

$$(10 \times 4) + (5 \times 9) + (40 \times 4) = 40 + 45 + 160 = 245\ \text{kcal}$$

Q: A person consumes a meal containing 30 grams of carbohydrate, 10 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. Calculate the percentage of total calories from fat. Use: carbohydrate = $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ \text{kcal/g}.$$

Total calories: $$(30 \times 4) + (10 \times 4) + (5 \times 9) = 120 + 40 + 45 = 205\ \text{kcal}$$; Fat calories: $$5 \times 9 = 45\ \text{kcal}$$; Percentage: $$\frac{45}{205} \times 100 \approx 22\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following nutrients is considered organic and provides energy to the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 2

A food contains 10 grams of protein, 5 grams of fat, and 40 grams of carbohydrate. What is the total caloric content of this food? Use the following caloric values: protein = $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, carbohydrate = $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$(10 	imes 4) + (5 	imes 9) + (40 	imes 4) = 40 + 45 + 160 = 245\ 	ext{kcal}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes nutrient density?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of nutrients to calories in a food

Question 4

Which statement about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2020-2025) is correct?

Accepted Answer

They emphasize limiting added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium.

Question 5

A patient is experiencing symptoms of both undernutrition and overnutrition. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the gallbladder in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Producing digestive enzymes for carbohydrate breakdown

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between insoluble and soluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can help lower blood cholesterol; insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and promotes bowel regularity.

Question 9

A person is following a ketogenic diet. Which metabolic process is most active in this state?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis

Question 10

Which of the following sweeteners is a sugar alcohol commonly used as a sugar substitute?

Accepted Answer

Xylitol

Question 11

Which lipoprotein is considered 'good cholesterol' due to its role in removing cholesterol from the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

HDL

Question 12

Which of the following fatty acids is essential and must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Linoleic acid

Question 13

Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 14

A food label states that a product is 'low sodium.' According to FDA standards, what is the maximum amount of sodium per serving for this claim?

Accepted Answer

$$140\ 	ext{mg}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the term 'hydrophobic'?

Accepted Answer

Repelled by water

Question 17

A patient has elevated LDL and low HDL levels. What is the most likely health risk associated with this lipid profile?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 19

Which of the following statements about trans fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol.

Question 20

A person consumes a meal containing 30 grams of carbohydrate, 10 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. Calculate the percentage of total calories from fat. Use: carbohydrate = $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ 	ext{kcal/g}.$$

Accepted Answer

Total calories: $$(30 	imes 4) + (10 	imes 4) + (5 	imes 9) = 120 + 40 + 45 = 205\ 	ext{kcal}$$; Fat calories: $$5 	imes 9 = 45\ 	ext{kcal}$$; Percentage: $$\frac{45}{205} 	imes 100 \approx 22\%$$

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