Q: A meal contains 250 grams of carbohydrates, 50 grams of protein, 30 grams of fat, and 10 grams of alcohol. Calculate the total kilocalories consumed in this meal. Use the following energy values: carbohydrates = $$4 \ \text{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4 \ \text{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9 \ \text{kcal/g}$$, alcohol = $$7 \ \text{kcal/g}.$$

$$250 \times 4 + 50 \times 4 + 30 \times 9 + 10 \times 7 = 1000 + 200 + 270 + 70 = 1540 \ \text{kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They provide the primary source of energy, especially for the brain.

Question 2

A meal contains 250 grams of carbohydrates, 50 grams of protein, 30 grams of fat, and 10 grams of alcohol. Calculate the total kilocalories consumed in this meal. Use the following energy values: carbohydrates = $$4 \ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4 \ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9 \ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, alcohol = $$7 \ 	ext{kcal/g}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$250 	imes 4 + 50 	imes 4 + 30 	imes 9 + 10 	imes 7 = 1000 + 200 + 270 + 70 = 1540 \ 	ext{kcal}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular processes

Question 4

Which statement best explains the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients provide energy and are required in large amounts; micronutrients do not provide energy and are required in small amounts.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

Accepted Answer

The range of energy intake from carbohydrate, fat, and protein associated with reduced risk of chronic disease.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with scurvy. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of vitamin C

Question 7

Which of the following is a key feature of a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial?

Accepted Answer

Both the participants and the researchers do not know who receives the treatment or placebo.

Question 8

Which of the following nutrients is classified as a micronutrient and does NOT provide energy?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the epigenome in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

The epigenome consists of molecular switches and markers that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disease with a strong nutritional component?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the human genome is correct?

Accepted Answer

Genes make up about 2% of the human genome; the rest consists of noncoding regions.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the cause of Fragile X syndrome?

Accepted Answer

An expansion of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene leading to methylation and gene silencing

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of minerals in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulating fluid balance and being essential to bones and blood

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of a functional food?

Accepted Answer

It contains biologically active ingredients that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best example of a prebiotic?

Accepted Answer

Nondigestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct definition of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Accepted Answer

The average daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97–98% of healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 17

Which of the following is a critical question to ask when evaluating the validity of a nutrition-related claim?

Accepted Answer

Was there a control and an experimental group in the study?

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

They build cells and tissues, maintain bones, repair damage, and regulate metabolism.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between observational studies and clinical trials in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

Clinical trials involve interventions and control groups, while observational studies do not manipulate variables.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why identical twins can develop different diseases despite having the same genome?

Accepted Answer

Differences in their epigenome caused by environmental factors and lifestyle choices.

Nutrition: Linking Food and Health – Foundations and New Frontiers

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