Q: A person consumes a meal containing 60 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat. Calculate the total energy content of the meal in kilocalories ($$kcal$$), using the following values: $$4\ kcal/g$$ for carbohydrate and protein, $$9\ kcal/g$$ for fat.

$$60 \times 4 + 20 \times 4 + 10 \times 9 = 240 + 80 + 90 = 410\ kcal$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids.

Question 2

A patient with lactose intolerance experiences gastrointestinal discomfort after consuming dairy products. Which dietary strategy would best help manage their symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Consume lactose-free dairy products or use lactase enzyme supplements.

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in plants and is the main storage form of carbohydrate in the human diet?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 5

A food has a high glycemic index (GI). What does this indicate about its effect on blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

It causes a rapid spike in blood glucose after consumption.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbons, making them solid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, making them liquid at room temperature.

Question 7

Which lipoprotein is most associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to its role in transporting cholesterol to tissues?

Accepted Answer

LDL

Question 8

What is the primary function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They serve as the main component of cell membranes.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber can help lower blood cholesterol and regulate blood glucose.

Question 10

Amino acids contain a special element not found in carbohydrates or fats. What is this element?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a complete protein?

Accepted Answer

A protein that contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts.

Question 12

Which process describes the removal of an amino group from an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 13

A person consumes a meal containing 60 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat. Calculate the total energy content of the meal in kilocalories ($$kcal$$), using the following values: $$4\ kcal/g$$ for carbohydrate and protein, $$9\ kcal/g$$ for fat.

Accepted Answer

$$60 	imes 4 + 20 	imes 4 + 10 	imes 9 = 240 + 80 + 90 = 410\ kcal$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

They act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

Question 15

Which dietary pattern is most associated with improved cardiovascular health outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A Mediterranean diet rich in unsaturated fats, fruits, and vegetables.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of chylomicrons in lipid transport?

Accepted Answer

They transport dietary lipids from the intestine to other tissues via the lymphatic system.

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to reduce added sugar intake?

Accepted Answer

Replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water or unsweetened drinks.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding non-nutritive sweeteners?

Accepted Answer

They are used to sweeten foods with little or no energy contribution and are considered safe within recommended limits.

Question 19

A vegetarian wants to ensure adequate intake of all essential amino acids. Which strategy would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Combine different plant proteins (complementary proteins) over the course of the day.

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential negative health effect of consuming excessive added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of dental caries, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Nutrition Study Guide: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

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