Q: A 70 kg adult wants to calculate their Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein. Which equation should they use, and what is the result?

RDA = 0.8 g/kg × 70 kg = $$0.8 \times 70 = 56$$ grams of protein per day

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why proteins are considered unique among the macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

Proteins contain nitrogen, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which is not found in carbohydrates or lipids.

Question 2

A patient is recovering from major surgery and is in positive nitrogen balance. Which of the following best describes what is happening in their body?

Accepted Answer

They are synthesizing more protein than they are breaking down, supporting tissue growth and repair.

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of nonessential amino acids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Transamination

Question 4

A vegetarian is concerned about getting all essential amino acids. Which dietary strategy would best ensure they meet their needs?

Accepted Answer

Combine complementary plant proteins, such as legumes and grains, throughout the day.

Question 5

During protein digestion, which enzyme is first responsible for breaking peptide bonds in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 6

A 70 kg adult wants to calculate their Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein. Which equation should they use, and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

RDA = 0.8 g/kg × 70 kg = $$0.8 	imes 70 = 56$$ grams of protein per day

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation and its effect on protein function?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation unfolds the protein, altering its shape and function, but leaves the primary structure intact.

Question 8

Which of the following is a potential health risk associated with a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of kidney stones due to lower urine pH

Question 9

A person with kwashiorkor is most likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Edema in the legs, feet, and stomach due to severe protein deficiency

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why animal proteins are generally considered higher quality than most plant proteins?

Accepted Answer

Animal proteins are more digestible and contain all nine essential amino acids.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as a primary energy storage molecule

Question 12

A person is following a strict vegan diet. Which nutrient is most likely to be deficient without careful planning?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the fate of excess dietary protein in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to fatty acids and stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue.

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in negative nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

A patient experiencing starvation or severe infection

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of deamination?

Accepted Answer

The removal of the amine group from an amino acid, producing ammonia and a carbon skeleton

Question 16

A person consumes a meal containing 30 grams of protein. How many kilocalories does this provide from protein alone?

Accepted Answer

$$30 	imes 4 = 120$$ kilocalories

Question 17

Which of the following is a benefit associated with a well-planned vegetarian diet?

Accepted Answer

Reduced risk of obesity, hypertension, and certain cancers

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for translation.

Question 19

A person with marasmus is most likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Frail, emaciated appearance with very low body fat and muscle mass

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why protein supplements are generally unnecessary for most people?

Accepted Answer

Most people can meet their protein needs by eating a varied diet with whole foods.

Proteins: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Dietary Considerations

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