Question 1

Which of the following best explains why fruit keeps you feeling full longer than soda, even when both provide the same number of calories?

Accepted Answer

Fruit contains fiber, which slows gastric emptying and triggers satiety hormones.

Question 2

Glucose and fructose share the same chemical formula, $$C_6H_{12}O_6$, but differ in their structure. Which of the following is a direct consequence of this structural difference?

Accepted Answer

Fructose is metabolized primarily in the liver, while glucose is used by all body cells.

Question 3

A patient consumes a diet high in agave nectar, which is nearly pure fructose. What is a potential health risk associated with this dietary choice?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease due to hepatic fat accumulation.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about added sugars and naturally occurring sugars is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both are broken down by the same enzymatic processes in the body.

Question 5

Why is it not possible for the body to make glucose from fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids cannot be converted to pyruvate, which is required for gluconeogenesis.

Question 6

A 150-pound healthy adult has about 1,600 calories stored as glycogen and over 100,000 calories stored as fat. Which statement best explains why glycogen is used first to maintain blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen can be rapidly converted to glucose, while fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose.

Question 7

Which of the following is a common misconception about the health effects of sugar?

Accepted Answer

Sugar itself is not an essential nutrient and excess intake provides unnecessary calories.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the metabolic fate of excess glucose and fructose in the body?

Accepted Answer

Both are converted to fat, but fructose-derived fat is more likely to accumulate in the liver.

Question 9

A food label lists 'brown rice syrup' as an ingredient. Based on your knowledge, which sugar is most likely present in high amounts?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 10

A person runs a marathon and depletes their glycogen stores. What is the next major source the body uses to maintain blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Muscle proteins are broken down and used by the liver for gluconeogenesis.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a reason why people may continue to consume high amounts of added sugar despite health risks?

Accepted Answer

Sugar is required for the absorption of all vitamins.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why high fructose corn syrup and table sugar (sucrose) are absorbed at similar rates?

Accepted Answer

Both are broken down into glucose and fructose before absorption.

Question 13

If a person consumes 88 grams of added sugar per day, how many calories does this contribute to their diet? (Use $$4$$ calories per gram for carbohydrates.)

Accepted Answer

$$88 	imes 4 = 352$$ calories

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sweetness of sugars?

Accepted Answer

Fructose tastes about twice as sweet as glucose.

Question 15

A food manufacturer wants to reduce the amount of sugar listed on a product's ingredient list. Which strategy might they use?

Accepted Answer

Add small amounts of sugar from multiple sources to keep each one lower on the list.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of fiber in fruit regarding blood sugar regulation?

Accepted Answer

Fiber slows the absorption of sugar, leading to a more gradual increase in blood glucose.

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended limit for added sugar intake according to experts?

Accepted Answer

No more than 10% of total daily calories should come from added sugar.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical component of honey?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why consuming sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with a higher risk of obesity?

Accepted Answer

Liquid sugars are absorbed quickly, do not promote satiety, and add extra calories.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the storage and use of glycogen in the body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles and can be rapidly converted to glucose.

Spotlight on Sugar: Metabolism, Types, and Health Implications

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