Q: A person’s Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) can be estimated using the following formula: $$BMR = 10 \times \text{weight (kg)} + 6.25 \times \text{height (cm)} - 5 \times \text{age (years)} + 5 ($$for men). If a 30-year-old man weighs 70 kg and is 175 cm tall, what is his BMR?

$$BMR = 10 \times 70 + 6.25 \times 175 - 5 \times 30 + 5 = 700 + 1093.75 - 150 + 5 = 1648.75$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference in absorption and storage between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins require dietary fat for absorption and are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, while water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream and are not stored extensively.

Question 2

A vegan is at increased risk for which vitamin deficiency, and why?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12, because it is primarily found in animal-derived foods.

Question 3

Which vitamin is essential for collagen formation, immune function, and enhancing non-heme iron absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 4

A child presents with bowed legs and delayed growth. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible, and what is the condition called?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency; rickets

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of coenzymes in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They assist enzymes in catalyzing metabolic reactions.

Question 6

Which mineral is a major component of bone, is needed in large amounts, and its deficiency can lead to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 7

A patient is prescribed an anticoagulant medication. Which vitamin should they monitor in their diet due to its interaction with the medication?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 8

Which of the following is a trace mineral, and what is a common consequence of its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Iron; anemia

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C binds to non-heme iron, converting it to a more absorbable form.

Question 10

Which of the following foods is most likely to be high in sodium and contribute to increased blood pressure if consumed in excess?

Accepted Answer

Canned soups

Question 11

A person wants to lose weight at a healthy rate. What is the recommended rate of weight loss for overweight individuals?

Accepted Answer

0.5–2 pounds per week

Question 12

Which macronutrient is most effective at promoting satiety (the feeling of fullness) after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the thermic effect of food (TEF)?

Accepted Answer

The energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients.

Question 14

A 25-year-old woman is concerned about her bone health. At what age is peak bone mass typically achieved, and what factors can help maximize it?

Accepted Answer

Peak bone mass is achieved in late teens to early 20s; adequate calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing exercise help maximize it.

Question 15

Which of the following is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 16

A person’s Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) can be estimated using the following formula: $$BMR = 10 	imes 	ext{weight (kg)} + 6.25 	imes 	ext{height (cm)} - 5 	imes 	ext{age (years)} + 5 ($$for men). If a 30-year-old man weighs 70 kg and is 175 cm tall, what is his BMR?

Accepted Answer

$$BMR = 10 	imes 70 + 6.25 	imes 175 - 5 	imes 30 + 5 = 700 + 1093.75 - 150 + 5 = 1648.75$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a behavior modification technique that can support long-term weight management?

Accepted Answer

Keeping a food diary to monitor eating habits

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between subcutaneous fat and visceral fat?

Accepted Answer

Visceral fat is stored around internal organs and is linked to higher health risks, while subcutaneous fat is stored under the skin.

Question 19

Which of the following strategies is most effective for preserving the vitamin content of vegetables during cooking?

Accepted Answer

Steaming vegetables for a short period

Question 20

A person is diagnosed with hypertension. Which mineral should they increase in their diet to help lower blood pressure, and which foods are good sources?

Accepted Answer

Increase potassium; fruits and vegetables such as bananas and spinach

Study Guide: Vitamins, Minerals & Water, and Weight Management

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