Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of vitamin K in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Plays a critical role in blood clotting by activating clotting factors

Question 2

A newborn is at risk for bleeding disorders due to a deficiency in which vitamin, and what is the recommended intervention?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K; give an intramuscular injection at birth

Question 3

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin that is especially sensitive to light and can be destroyed during food processing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Question 4

A patient presents with symptoms of pellagra, including dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation for Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height\ (m)^2$} $$

Question 6

Which mineral is the main extracellular cation and plays a key role in maintaining fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 7

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this solution have on their cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged in size

Question 8

Which of the following foods is highest in potassium and commonly recommended to help lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Bananas

Question 9

Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 10

Which of the following minerals is a trace mineral and is necessary for thyroid hormone synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 11

A patient with a history of excessive sodium intake is at increased risk for which health issue?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 12

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

Question 13

Which vitamin is a precursor for the coenzyme NAD and is essential for energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Niacin

Question 14

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin that is NOT essential in the diet because it can be synthesized by the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 15

Which food is most likely to act as a diuretic and increase urine output?

Accepted Answer

Coffee

Question 16

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely deficient in which vitamin, and what is the primary reason for this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12; lack of intrinsic factor for absorption

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the sodium-potassium pump's action in maintaining cellular ion balance?

Accepted Answer

$$ 3\ Na^+\ out,\ 2\ K^+\ in $$

Question 18

Which mineral is most commonly associated with osteoporosis when intake is insufficient?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the DASH diet?

Accepted Answer

A diet designed to lower blood pressure by emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy

Question 20

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and irregular heartbeat. Lab results show low serum potassium. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Study Guide: Vitamins, Minerals, Water Balance, and Food Safety (Chapters 9–13)

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