Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

Accepted Answer

A substance that donates a proton ($$H^+)$$

Question 2

Given the following reaction: $$HCl + H_2O \rightarrow H_3O^+ + Cl^-$$, which species acts as the Brønsted-Lowry base?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O$$

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct arrow-pushing mechanism for the reaction $$NH_3 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow $$NH_4^+ + OH$$^-$$?

Accepted Answer

Arrow from lone pair on $$NH_3 to$$ $$H of$$ $$H_2O$$, arrow from $$O-H$$ bond to $$O of$$ $$H_2O$$

Question 4

Which of the following acids has the lowest $$pK_a$$ value?

Accepted Answer

Carboxylic acid ($$R-COOH)$$

Question 5

If the $$pH of a $$solution is lower than the $$pK_a of an $$acid, which form is favored?

Accepted Answer

The acid form ($$HA)$$

Question 6

Which factor most increases the acidity of a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the stability of the conjugate base

Question 7

Which of the following molecules has resonance stabilization of its conjugate base?

Accepted Answer

$$CH_3COOH$$

Question 8

What is the effect of induction on the acidity of a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Induction increases acidity by stabilizing the conjugate base through electron withdrawal

Question 9

Which of the following statements about alkyl halides is correct?

Accepted Answer

The C-I bond is the longest and weakest

Question 10

Which of the following is a tertiary alcohol?

Accepted Answer

$$(CH_3$)_3COH$$

Question 11

Which conformer of ethane is the most stable?

Accepted Answer

Staggered conformer

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the relationship between $$pK_a$$ and acid strength?

Accepted Answer

A lower $$pK_a$$ means a stronger acid

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct application of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the $$pH of a $$buffer solution using $$pH = pK_a + \log \frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a Lewis base?

Accepted Answer

$$NH_3$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about isomers?

Accepted Answer

Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula but different connectivity

Question 16

Which factor does NOT stabilize the conjugate base of an acid?

Accepted Answer

Increasing alkyl substitution

Question 17

Which of the following ethers is named correctly according to IUPAC rules?

Accepted Answer

Methoxyethane

Question 18

Which of the following amines is a secondary amine?

Accepted Answer

$$(CH_3$)_2NH$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about staggered and eclipsed conformers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Staggered conformers are more stable due to hyperconjugation

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the effect of atom size on acidity is correct?

Accepted Answer

As the size of the atom increases, the bond strength decreases and acidity increases

Acids, Bases, and Introduction to Organic Compounds: Structured Study Notes

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