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Comprehensive Study Guide: Key Topics for Organic Chemistry Final Exam (CHM 31X)

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Lewis Structure

  • Drawing the Lewis Structure for N2H4.
    04:12
  • How to use Organic Chemistry to make Lewis Structures easier.
    03:49

Formal Charges

  • Calculate the formal charges of ALL atoms.
    02:21
  • Calculating formal and net charge.
    01:34

Hybridization

  • How carbon creates 4 partially-filled orbitals.
    02:53
  • Bond sites, hybridization, and intermediate orbitals
    04:58
  • Introduction to the reactive intermediates.
    02:47

Resonance Structures

  • How to draw a resonance hybrid.
    03:24
  • The rules you need for resonance:
    03:34
  • How to determine which structure is most stable.
    01:32

Conformations

  • Understanding what a conformer is.
    03:29

Newman Projections – Conformational Energy

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Common Substituents

  • Name the following alkane
    02:33
  • Understanding Non-IUPAC Substituents
    06:42
  • Name the following alkane
    03:56

Functional Groups

  • Assigning Degrees to Alkyl Halides
    01:30
  • Why we need functional groups.
    01:49
  • The difference between aldehydes and ketones.
    03:08

Nomenclature of Heterocycles

  • Percorso guidato
    Nomenclature of Heterocycles Concept 1
    2:06
  • Percorso guidato
    Nomenclature of Heterocycles Example 1
    0:50
  • Percorso guidato
    Nomenclature of Heterocycles Example 2
    1:13

Alkenes, Alkynes and Alcohols

  • Name the following alkene
    02:04
  • How to name alkenes and alkynes
    01:55

Stability of Alkenes

  • Heat of Combustion
    02:55
  • Understanding trends of alkene stability.
    04:28

General Mechanism – Addition Reaction

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:15
  • Features of Addition Mechanisms.
    05:39

Markovnikov's Rule

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:26
  • How to add to asymmetrical double bonds.
    03:38

Hydrohalogenation

  • General properties of hydrohalogenation.
    04:07
  • Provide the mechanism
    02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

  • General properties of acid-catalyzed hydration.
    06:32
  • Acid-catalyzed hydration mechanism
    06:34

Oxymercuration-Reduction

  • Acid-catalyzed oxymercuration-reduction mechanism
    09:01
  • General properties of oxymercuration-reduction.
    05:

Hydroboration-Oxidation

  • General properties of hydroboration-oxidation.
    06:38
  • Acid-catalyzed hydroboration-oxidation mechanism
    06:14

Catalytic Hydrogenation and Wilkinson's Catalyst

  • General properties of catalytic hydrogenation.
    05:21

Halogenation

  • Halogenation Mechanism
    03:45
  • General properties of halogenation.
    02:27

Carbocation Intermediates – Stability

  • Determining Carbocation Stability
    05:58
  • Predicting the most stable carbocation
    01:21

Carbocation Intermediate – Rearrangements

  • Alkyl Shift
    03:43
  • Understanding why carbocations shift.
    00:47
  • Hydride Shift
    03:34

Reaction Mechanism

  • How to tell if charged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:39
  • Nucleophile or Electrophile
    01:49
  • How to tell if uncharged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:48

Introduction to Substitution

  • Predict the product
    05:55
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Bronsted-Lowry Reactions.
    05:01
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Substitution Reactions.
    01:47

The SN2 Mechanism

  • Ranking reactivity toward SN2
    04:03
  • Drawing the SN2 Mechanism
    08:33
  • Understanding the properties of SN2.
    11:57

The SN1 Mechanism

  • Drawing the SN1 Mechanism
    10:49
  • Why highly substituted leaving groups favor SN1.
    01:13
  • Understanding the properties of SN1.
    08:16

E2 Mechanism

  • Understanding the properties of E2.
    04:42
  • Drawing the E2 Mechanism.
    09:36
  • Rank reactivity toward E2
    02:03

The E1 Mechanism

  • Understanding the properties of E1.
    03:32
  • Drawing the E1 Mechanism.
    08:09

Solvents

  • The difference between protic vs. aprotic solvents.
    03:57
  • Identification of polarity in solvents
    01:16
  • Identification of polarity in solvents
    00:39

Leaving Groups

  • The 3 important leaving groups to know.
    07:22

Nucleophiles and Basicity

  • Understanding the difference between basicity and nucleophilicity.
    06:21

SN1 SN2 E1 E2 Chart (Big Daddy Flowchart)

  • How to predict SN2 and E2 mechanisms.
    09:52
  • How to predict SN1 and E1 mechanisms.
    06:30
  • Overview of the flowchart.
    02:27

Purpose of Analytical Techniques

  • Reason for Analytical Methods
    05:41

1H NMR - Total Number of Signals

  • General Assumption for 1H NMR Signals
    04:35
  • Identifying Proton Signals
    02:02
  • Identifying Proton Signals
    01:55

1H NMR - Spin-Splitting without J-Values

  • Splitting without J-values
    12:21
  • Proton Splitting
    03:

1H NMR - Integration

  • 1H NMR Integration
    06:46
  • Draw Complete NMR Spectrum
    04:29

13C NMR - General Features

  • 13C NMR General Features
    04:00
  • 1H and 13C Joint Problem
    01:10
  • Identifying 13C Signals
    02:12