Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between bond length and hybridization in carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

Bond length decreases as the s-character of the hybrid orbital increases: $$sp \u003c sp^2$ \u003c sp^3$

Question 2

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of a carbon atom with $$sp^2$$ hybridization?

Accepted Answer

Trigonal planar, $$120^	ext{o}$$

Question 3

Which of the following molecules has a linear geometry?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2$$

Question 4

Given the Lewis structure for $$SO_3$$, which resonance structure is the major contributor?

Accepted Answer

The structure with all atoms having a formal charge of zero.

Question 5

Which of the following compounds is classified as covalent?

Accepted Answer

$$CH_4$$

Question 6

What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in $$NH_4$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the direction and magnitude of the dipole moment in $$H_2O$$?

Accepted Answer

Points toward oxygen; large dipole moment

Question 8

In resonance structures, which rule helps determine the major contributor?

Accepted Answer

Structures with all atoms having a formal charge of zero are favored.

Question 9

Which hybridization corresponds to a carbon atom in ethyne ($$C_2H_2$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$sp$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a valid Lewis structure for ozone ($$O_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

A structure with one double bond and one single bond between oxygens, with formal charges distributed as $$0$$, $$+1$$, and $$-1.$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about resonance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Resonance structures cannot break single bonds.

Question 12

What is the electron geometry and molecular geometry of $$NH_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Electron geometry: tetrahedral; molecular geometry: trigonal pyramidal

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is more comfortable holding a negative charge than nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct condensed structural formula for butanoic acid?

Accepted Answer

$$CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH$$

Question 15

Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

$$NaOH$$

Question 16

What is the formal charge on the central carbon atom in $$CO_2$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the hybridization and geometry of the carbon atom in methane ($$CH_4$$)?

Accepted Answer

Hybridization: $$sp^3$$; Geometry: tetrahedral

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the major contributor in resonance structures?

Accepted Answer

The major contributor is the structure with the least formal charges and negative charges on the most electronegative atoms.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a chlorine atom?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$ $$2s^2$$ $$2p^6$$ $$3s^2$$ $$3p^5$$

Fundamentals of Bonding, Hybridization, Resonance, and Molecular Structure in Organic Chemistry

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