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Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry: Structure, Nomenclature, Properties, and Reactivity

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What is Organic Chemistry?

  • Organic molecules in your everyday life.
    02:08
  • Identifying organic molecules
    02:17

Atomic Structure

  • Three rules about orbitals you need to know.
    02:54
  • Understanding the hydrogen isotopes.
    03:06
  • The difference between atomic numbers and atomic mass.
    01:44

Hybridization

  • How carbon creates 4 partially-filled orbitals.
    02:53
  • Bond sites, hybridization, and intermediate orbitals
    04:58
  • Introduction to the reactive intermediates.
    02:47

Molecular Orbitals

  • Sigma bond vs. pi bond, which is stronger?
    03:25
  • What’s the difference between sigma and pi bonds?
    02:19
  • What’s the difference between atomic and molecular orbitals?
    11:25

Sigma and Pi Bonds

  • Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds.
    06:00
  • Sigma bonds and pi bonds
    01:05
  • Sigma bonds and pi bonds
    00:59

Formal Charges

  • Calculate the formal charges of ALL atoms.
    02:21
  • Calculating formal and net charge.
    01:34

Functional Groups

  • Assigning Degrees to Alkyl Halides
    01:30
  • Why we need functional groups.
    01:49
  • The difference between aldehydes and ketones.
    03:08

Alkane Nomenclature

  • Naming the root chain
    01:02
  • Provide the IUPAC name for the following alkane
    07:08
  • The different parts of an IUPAC name
    03:43

Common Substituents

  • Name the following alkane
    02:33
  • Understanding Non-IUPAC Substituents
    06:42
  • Name the following alkane
    03:56

Cycloalkanes

  • Name the following alkane
    00:53
  • Determining Root Name
    00:18
  • Determining Root Name
    00:34

Alkyl Halides

  • How to name alkyl halides
    01:52
  • Name the following alkyl halide
    01:58
  • Name the following alkyl halide
    03:53

Naming Alcohols

  • How to name alcohols
    01:01
  • Name the following compound
    03:59
  • Old school vs. new school naming
    03:03

Ether Nomenclature

  • How to name ethers using the IUPAC naming system.
    02:08
  • How to name ethers using the common naming system.
    01:32
  • Provide the correct common name of the following ether.
    01:22

Naming Amines

  • Naming Primary Amines
    06:50
  • Primary Amines as Substituents
    02:58
  • Naming Secondary and Tertiary Amines
    01:57

Intermolecular Forces

  • How dipole-dipole forces work.
    01:46
  • How IMFs are related to melting and boiling points.
    03:08
  • How Van der Waals forces work.
    03:01

Solubility

  • Introducing common solvents and other molecules in organic chemistry.
    02:01
  • Understanding “like dissolves like”.
    01:47

Conformations

  • Understanding what a conformer is.
    03:29

Newman Projections – Conformational Energy

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Chirality

  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:24
  • What is chirality?
    05:10
  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:44

Chirality Test 1 - Internal Line of Symmetry

  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    00:25
  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    01:10
  • How and when to use the internal line of symmetry test.
    01:25

Chirality Test 2 - Stereocenters

  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    02:25
  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    00:36
  • The difference between chiral and trigonal centers.
    02:38

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Nomenclature

  • R and S Naming- Step 4
    03:07
  • Why stereoisomers need their own naming system.
    01:48
  • Determining Priorities
    01:19

Types of Stereoisomers

  • Determine total number of stereoisomers
    00:49
  • How to predict the total number of stereoisomers.
    01:03
  • Draw stereoisomers and determine relationship
    07:41

Meso Compounds

  • Defining meso compounds.
    01:40
  • The 3 rules of meso compounds.
    04:10
  • Which of the following molecules are meso?
    03:44

Cyclohexane – Determination of Cis and Trans

  • Is the following cyclohexane cis or trans?
    00:44
  • How to draw chairs.
    01:18
  • Is the following cyclohexane cis or trans?
    00:27

pKa Values

  • Identifying pKa values
    07:45
  • The 12 pKa values you want to memorize (because they are important!).
    09:36

Acid and Base Definitions

  • Lewis vs. Bronsted-Lowry Definition
    07:46
  • The Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases.
    00:54
  • Equilibrium constant and conjugates.
    02:11

Acid Base Equilibrium

  • The 3 steps for determining the direction of acid and base equilibrium.
    05:11
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    04:00
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    02:34

Factors Affecting Acidity

  • Which of the oxides is the most basic?
    00:30
  • The 3 factors that determine the strength of inductive effects.
    03:09
  • Using Inductive Effect to determine acidity
    01:54

Electronegativity

  • Differences between ionic, polar and covalent bonds
    11:33