Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the directionality of DNA synthesis during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strand from the 5′ end to the 3′ end.

Question 2

What is the complementary DNA sequence to the informational strand 5′—GATCCTATG—3′?

Accepted Answer

3′—CTAGGATAC—5′

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for sealing the gaps between Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 4

During transcription, which base replaces thymine in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 5

Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule contains one parent strand and one new strand.

Question 6

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 7

Which of the following codons is a stop codon in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{UAA}$$

Question 8

A point mutation in the DNA sequence results in the codon $$	ext{GAG}$$ being changed to $$	ext{GUG} in $$mRNA. What is the effect on the protein?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid changes from glutamic acid to valine.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the anticodon in tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It is complementary to the mRNA codon and identifies the amino acid to be added.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is synthesized in the cytoplasm, while RNA is synthesized in the nucleus.

Question 11

If the template strand of DNA is $$3'	ext{—TACGGT—}5'$$, what is the sequence of the mRNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{—AUGCCA—}3'$$

Question 12

Which of the following mutations is most likely to have a negligible effect on the protein product?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 13

Which enzyme is responsible for removing RNA primers during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Exonuclease

Question 14

What is the effect of a deletion mutation in a DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

One or more nucleotides are lost from the DNA molecule.

Question 15

Which of the following diseases is caused by a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 16

During translation, what is the first amino acid added to the polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between codons and amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Each codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

It provides the site where polypeptides are assembled during protein synthesis.

Question 19

A DNA template strand reads $$3'	ext{—CCTGGA—}5'. $$What is the corresponding tRNA anticodon sequence for the first codon in the mRNA?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CCU}$$

Nucleic Acids: Structure, Function, and Genetic Information Flow

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