Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why the ionization energy of oxygen is higher than that of sulfur?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has a higher nuclear charge and its valence electrons are closer to the nucleus, increasing the energy required to remove an electron.

Question 2

Which molecule below has the greatest dipole moment?

Accepted Answer

Ammonia ($$\mathrm{NH_3$})$$

Question 3

Given the following Lewis structure for nitrate ion ($$\mathrm{NO_3$^-}$$), which statement is true regarding its resonance?

Accepted Answer

There are three equivalent resonance structures, each with a different oxygen atom bearing the negative charge.

Question 4

Which of the following is an exception to the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Boron trifluoride ($$\mathrm{BF_3$})$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

Accepted Answer

A substance that donates a proton ($$\mathrm{H^+}).$$

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is amphiprotic?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 7

A solution contains 70% of the R-enantiomer and 30% of the S-enantiomer. What is the enantiomeric excess?

Accepted Answer

$$40\%$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between a constitutional isomer and a stereoisomer?

Accepted Answer

Constitutional isomers have different connectivity; stereoisomers have the same connectivity but different spatial arrangement.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct formula for an alkane with 8 carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_8H_{18}}$$

Question 10

Which of the following molecules would have the highest boiling point?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol ($$\mathrm{C_2H_5OH})$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a nucleophile in the reaction between hydroxide ion and methyl bromide?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxide ion ($$\mathrm{OH^-})$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the hybridization of the central carbon atom in ethene ($$\mathrm{C_2H_4}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{sp^2$}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the combustion of propane ($$\mathrm{C_3H_8}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_3H_8 + 5O_2 \rightarrow 3CO_2 + 4H_2O}$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about resonance structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

The true structure of a molecule is a hybrid of all possible resonance structures.

Question 15

Which of the following molecules contains a chiral center?

Accepted Answer

2-butanol ($$\mathrm{CH_3CH(OH)CH_2CH_3})$$

Question 16

Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force present in methanol ($$\mathrm{CH_3OH}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the boiling points of alkanes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Straight-chain alkanes have higher boiling points than their branched isomers.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between pKa and acid strength?

Accepted Answer

A lower pKa value indicates a stronger acid.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the straight-chain alkane with five carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

Pentane

Organic Chemistry Unit 1: Fundamental Concepts and Skills Study Guide

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