Q: What is the value of the gas constant $$R in $$the ideal gas law $$PV = nRT$$ when pressure is in atmospheres and volume in litres?

$$0.082 \text{ L atm K}^{-1} \text{mol}^{-1}$$

Question 1

Which experimental observation from the photoelectric effect directly contradicted classical wave theory?

Accepted Answer

The energy of ejected electrons depends on the frequency of the incident light, not its intensity.

Question 2

Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by introducing the concept of quantized energy packets. What is the formula for the energy of a photon?

Accepted Answer

$$E = h 
u$$

Question 3

In the Rutherford gold foil experiment, what did the observation of a few alpha particles being deflected at large angles suggest about atomic structure?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

Question 4

Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom introduced quantized energy levels. Which equation describes the energy of the nth level in hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

$$E_n = -\frac{k}{n^2$}$$

Question 5

According to the de Broglie relationship, what is the wavelength $$\lambda$$ associated with a particle of mass $$m$$ and velocity $$v$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}$$

Question 6

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that the product of uncertainties in position and momentum is at least:

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{h}{4\pi}$$

Question 7

What does the square of the wavefunction $$\$$psi^2$$ represent in quantum mechanics?

Accepted Answer

The probability of finding an electron at a particular point.

Question 8

Which atomic orbital is spherical in shape?

Accepted Answer

s-orbital

Question 9

The Rydberg formula for the wavelength of spectral lines in hydrogen is:

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{\lambda} = R_H \left( \frac{1}{n_1$^2} - \frac{1}{n_2$^2} \right)$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Born-Oppenheimer approximation?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are treated as stationary while solving for electron wavefunctions.

Question 11

Which gas law states that the volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on it at constant temperature?

Accepted Answer

Boyle's Law

Question 12

A sample of gas at 4 atm occupies 4 L. What pressure is required to compress it to 1 L at constant temperature?

Accepted Answer

16 atm

Question 13

Which law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure?

Accepted Answer

Charles's Law

Question 14

What is the value of the gas constant $$R in $$the ideal gas law $$PV = nRT$$ when pressure is in atmospheres and volume in litres?

Accepted Answer

$$0.082 	ext{ L atm K}^{-1} 	ext{mol}^{-1}$$

Question 15

Which statement about transition metals is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They can lose both s- and d-electrons, allowing variable oxidation states.

Question 16

Why do transition metal +2 ions typically have the electronic configuration $$3d^n$$ rather than $$4s^n$$?

Accepted Answer

Because removal of s-electrons increases the effective nuclear charge felt by d-electrons, stabilizing the ion.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT considered a transition metal, despite being in the d-block?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 18

In an octahedral transition metal complex, which d-orbitals experience the strongest repulsion from ligands?

Accepted Answer

$$d_{x^2$-y^2$$}$$ and d$$_{$$z^2$$}$

Question 19

Which ligand is most likely to produce a square planar complex with nickel?

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide

Physical and (Bio)Inorganic Chemistry: Quantum Theory, Atomic Structure, Bonding, and Properties of Gases

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