Question 1

Which of the following organelles is NOT considered self-replicating in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

What is the primary function of the nuclear pore complex in the eukaryotic nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the entry and exit of molecules such as proteins and RNAs

Question 3

Which statement best describes the role of histones in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Histones bind to DNA to form nucleosomes, compacting DNA into chromatin

Question 4

During nuclear import, which molecule provides the energy and directionality for transport through the nuclear pore complex?

Accepted Answer

RanGTP

Question 5

Centrioles are composed of which structural element?

Accepted Answer

Microtubule triplets

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for organizing microtubules during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 7

The evolutionary origin of mitochondria is most closely related to which group of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Alphaproteobacteria

Question 8

Which process in mitochondria directly generates a proton gradient across the inner membrane?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 9

What is the main function of the F-type ATPase located in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

Generating ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using a proton gradient

Question 10

Which of the following statements about hydrogenosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They produce hydrogen and ATP anaerobically and are derived from mitochondria

Question 11

Chloroplasts are derived from which ancestral organism?

Accepted Answer

Cyanobacteria

Question 12

Which compartment in the chloroplast is analogous to the mitochondrial matrix?

Accepted Answer

Stroma

Question 13

Light absorption by chlorophyll in chloroplasts leads to which immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered self-replicating?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and divide independently of the cell cycle

Question 15

Which of the following is a shared function of both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Generation of ATP via a proton gradient

Question 16

Which process is directly responsible for the movement of proteins into the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Active transport via nuclear pore complexes using nuclear localization signals (NLS)

Question 17

A mutation in the gene encoding histone H1 would most likely affect which nuclear process?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of DNA binding and chromatin compaction

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of a eukaryotic flagellum?

Accepted Answer

Composed of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement with dynein arms

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between hydrogenosomes and mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenosomes produce hydrogen gas and function anaerobically, while mitochondria do not

Question 20

Which of the following reactions occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Calvin-Benson cycle (carbon fixation)

Self-Replicating Organelles: Structure, Function, and Evolution

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